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WEEK 12 Journal 45

WEEK 12 Journal 45. Plessy v Ferguson and Brown v Board of Education 1. What do they have in common? 2. How are they different?. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. SECTION 1 THE MOVEMENT BEGINS. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1875. Outlawed segregation in public places

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WEEK 12 Journal 45

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  1. WEEK 12 Journal 45 Plessy v Ferguson and Brown v Board of Education 1. What do they have in common? 2. How are they different?

  2. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT SECTION 1 THE MOVEMENT BEGINS

  3. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1875 • Outlawed segregation in public places • Ruled unconstitutional in 1883

  4. PLESSY v. FERGUSON • 1890 - 1896 • Louisiana • railroad

  5. JIM CROW LAWS • Segregation laws • Interracial marriages • Separate schools • Street cars • Waiting rooms • Elevators • Witness stands • Restrooms • Water fountains

  6. TWO TYPES OF SEGREGATION • De Facto • Tradition • De Jure • By law • Migration north to escape discrimination • Didn’t work

  7. NAACP • 1909 • WEB DuBois • Work through the court system to address civil rights issues

  8. NEW DEAL • Brought relief

  9. WORLD WAR II • Set the stage • Job openings • Served in armed forces • Returning veterans. . . • Civil Rights organizations fought for changes • FDR prohibited discrimination in federal agencies and war industries • Truman integrated the entire armed forces

  10. Congress of Racial Equality • Sit-ins

  11. THURGOOD MARSHALL • 1938 - Recruited to bring segregation cases before Supreme Court • 23 years • 29 of 32 cases • Most famous case BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION BROWN II

  12. SOUTHERN MANIFESTO • Result of Brown cases • Southern congress members issued manifesto • Resist integration “by all lawful means”

  13. EMMETT TILL • Summer 1955 • Money, MS

  14. Considered to mark the beginning of the civil rights movement MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT • Dec 1, 1955 • Rosa Parks • Martin Luther King led group • December 5, 1955 • Supreme Court ruled in 1956 • December 21, 1956 • 381 days ECONOMIC

  15. MARTIN LUTHER KING’S PHILOSOPHY • SOUL FORCE • Thoreau • Civil disobedience • Randolph • Organizing techniques • Gandhi • Non violence • Jesus • Love enemies

  16. SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE • Founded by ministers and C R leaders • Ella Baker • Purpose • Carry out non-violent crusades against the evils of second class citizenship

  17. EISENHOWER AND CIVIL RIGHTS • Enforcer • Little Rock Nine • Sept. 1957 • Gov. Faubus • Elizabeth Eckford

  18. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957 • First since reconstruction • Gave Federal Government authority over violations of African American voting rights

  19. SECTION 2CHALLENGINGSEGREGATION

  20. SIT-INS • Greensboro • Jesse Jackson / NC • Jackson, MS

  21. Week 12 Journal 46 The immediate need for federal troops is urgent. The mob is much larger in numbers at 8am than at any time yesterday. . . . . Situation is out of control and police cannot disperse the mob . . . . Action by you will restore peace and order and compliance with your proclamation. Telegram from mayor of Little Rock 1. Who was this telegram sent to? 2. What action was taken by the recipient?

  22. STUDENT NON-VIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE • Wanted things to happen quicker • More confrontational • Ella Baker and Marion Barry

  23. FANNIE LOU HAMER • 1964 • Freedom Democratic Party • National Democratic Convention

  24. FREEDOM RIDERS • 1961 • CORE • Washington DC to South • Montgomery • Bull Conner – Birmingham

  25. JFK AND CIVIL RIGHTS • Campaigned to support Civil Rights • Martin Luther King – jail • However - once in office… • Did not push • Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity • Stop federal bureaucracy from discriminating in hiring and promoting

  26. JAMES MEREDITH • September 1962 • Ole Miss • Gov. Barnett • JFK

  27. BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMAAPRIL 3, 1963 • Cuban Missile Crisis – Oct. 1962 • King meets with leaders • How to desegregate city • April 12 • May 2 • Bull Connor • May 3 • TV cameras Convinced JFK a Civil Rights bill was needed June 11

  28. June 11, 1963 • Are we to say to the world and much more importantly to each other - - that this is the land of the free, except for the Negros?”

  29. MEDGAR EVERS • June 11, 1963 • Byron De La Beckwith

  30. MARCH ON WASHINGTON • August 28, 1963 • 250,000 / 75,000 • Support for the Civil Rights Bill • King’s “I Have a Dream” speech

  31. JFK’S ASSASSINATION • November 22, 1963

  32. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 • Filibuster • cloture • July 2, 1964 • Signed by LBJ • Prohibited segregation in public places because of race, religion, national origin, or gender

  33. STRUGGLE FOR VOTING RIGHTS • SNCC focused on this issue • 24th Amendment

  34. FREEDOM SUMMER • Summer of 1964 • Robert Moses • Chaney, Goodman, Schwerner

  35. SELMA MARCH • 1965 • ½ Of population • 3% of voters • King’s plan • By end of January >2000 arrested

  36. Sheriff Jim Clark • Jimmie Lee Jackson • 54 mile march to Montgomery • Bloody Sunday – March 7, 1965 • 600 • Johnson calls for congress to… • Sunday March21 • 3000 set out • Only 250 • 25,000

  37. VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965 • Eliminated literacy test to vote • Voting population changed • 1964 1968 • Selma • Mississippi 10% 60% 7% 67%

  38. SECTION 3 NEW ISSUES

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