1 / 12

Chapter 32

Chapter 32. Supine Ut + Indicative More Relatives More Subjunctive uses Impersonal constructions. Supine. Another VERBAL NOUN (in addition to Gerund) But … only 2 CASES! Built off of 4 th Principal Part, adding 4 th Declension Endings. Supine. Only 2 uses!

lorand
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 32

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 32 Supine Ut + Indicative More Relatives More Subjunctive uses Impersonal constructions

  2. Supine Another VERBAL NOUN (in addition to Gerund) But … only 2 CASES! Built off of 4th Principal Part, adding 4th Declension Endings

  3. Supine • Only 2 uses! • Acc. is used after verbs of MOTION to express PURPOSE • Ex: venimusvīsumurbem. • We go to see the city • cubitumeō. • I go to lie down (The Roman way to say “I’m gonna go to bed”) They can take their own objects, too!

  4. Supine • Abl. is used as an ABLATIVE OF SPECIFICATION • Examples: • Mīrābiledictū • “Miraculous with respect to saying” = English, “A wonder to say” • Nefāsaudītū • “A crime with respect to hearing” = English, “A crime to hear” Three more common supines: Difficilecognītū Optimum factū Facile vīsū These cannot take direct objects!

  5. Ut with Indicative • 2 possible meanings: • Time: WHEN • Comparison: AS • Examples: • Utsummōcōnspexitabmonteterrāsīnfēlix, timōretremuit • “When the unlucky guy saw the lands from the top of the mountain, he trembled with fear.” • Puellaetacentnec, ut ante solēbant, clāmantēs ambulant. • “The girls are silent and not, as they were accustomed beforehand, walking around and shouting.”

  6. Connecting Relative • Sometimes a relative pronoun begins a new sentence and must be translated in a certain manner: • Quī … = et is / hic “And he” • Quae … = et ea / haec “And she” • Quod … = et id / hoc “And this” • Ex: Quod crēdīvixpotest. • “And this is scarcely able to be believed.” • THESE CANNOT BE TRANSLATED AS “WHO”, “WHAT”, or “WHICH”!

  7. Subjunctive with Relatives • Sometimes the subjunctive is used in relative clauses: • 1) Clauses of Characteristic: These describe the qualities of indefinite antecedents and are usually introduced by • Suntquī • Is sum quī • Is estquī, etc. • Ex: suntquīGraecōsmeliōrēs quam Rōmānōshabeant • “There are those who consider Greeks (to be) better than Romans” • Nōn is sum quīfēmināsinterficiam. • “I am not the kind of guy who would kill women” Always follow sequence of tenses!

  8. Subjunctive with Relatives Always follow Sequence of Tenses!!!! • Sometimes the subjunctive is used in relative clauses: • 2) Relative Clauses of Purpose: These replace ut …. in a Purpose Clause • Ex: lēgātōsmīsitquīpācempeterent. • “He sent legates who were to ask for peace” or “He sent legates to ask for peace” • Rōmānīarmarapiuntquibusurbemsuamdēfendant. • “The Romans take up the weapons with which they are to defend their city” or “The Romans take up weapons in order to defend their city”

  9. Subjunctives with Relatives • Sometimes the subjunctive is used in relative clauses: • 3) Subjunctive in Subordinate Clauses in Indirect Speech • RULE! DEPENDENT CLAUSES in INDIRECT STATEMENT, INDIRECT COMMAND, or INDIRECT QUESTION will ALWAYS have SUBJUNCTIVE verbs! • Ex.: dīcitsēlibrumlēgissequemdederim • “He says that he read the book which I gave him. • Iūrāvitsēlibrumlectūrumessequemscrīpsissem. • “He swore that he would read the book which I had written” Note how the TENSE of the SUBJUNCTIVE follows SEQUENCE OF TENSES Established by the MAIN VERB (Here, dīcit and Iūrāvit)!

  10. Potential Subjunctive • The main clause in Future Less Vivid Conditions shows potentiality: • Sīsim bonus, bona faciam. • “If I should be good, then I would do good things” • A Potential Subjunctive simply expresses this by itself, without the Sī clause • The negative is nōn • Possible tenses: Present, Perfect, Imperfect • It most frequently appears: • Velim: “I would like” • Mālim: “I would prefer” • Possim: “I could”

  11. Potential Subjunctive • Examples: • tūvelimsīcexīstimēs • “I’d like you to think so” • Present = Immediate future • Pācetuādīxerim • “I would say with your permission” • Perfect = Immediate future • Crēderēsvictōs • “You would have thought them conquered” • This use of the second person is indefinite, like in English when we say, “You’d go right at the stop sign to get to the grocery store” = “One goes right at the stop sign …” • Imperfect = Past time • Aliquisdīcat • “Someone may say” • Present = Immediate future Notice the rather strange use of the perfect tense to refer to immediate future time, just as the present does

  12. Impersonal Constructions • Like English, Latin has some verbs that are only used impersonally: • Oportet + acc. + infinitive = “It is right for x to y” • Licet + dat. + infinitive = “It is permitted for x to y” • Other verbs are used impersonally in certain contexts: • Ventumest • Literally, “There was a coming” or “It was come” = “They came” • Pugnatumest • Literally, “It was fought” = “They fought” • As you continue in Latin you will come across even more Impersonal Verbs, but for now start with Oportet and Licet!

More Related