1 / 47

Development of Sustainable Power for Electrical Resources – SuPER System

Development of Sustainable Power for Electrical Resources – SuPER System . EE 563 Graduate Seminar September 30, 2005 James G. Harris, Professor EE Department and CPE Program. Outline. Background Technical Description of SuPER System Feasibility Analysis Five Year Plan for Development

lorand
Télécharger la présentation

Development of Sustainable Power for Electrical Resources – SuPER System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Development of Sustainable Power for Electrical Resources – SuPER System EE 563 Graduate Seminar September 30, 2005 James G. Harris, Professor EE Department and CPE Program

  2. Outline • Background • Technical Description of SuPER System • Feasibility Analysis • Five Year Plan for Development • Faculty Participating in SuPER Project • Student Involvement • Facilities, Equipment, and Resources • Status and Plans

  3. Background - Electrification • Electrification – National Academy of Engineering’s top engineering achievement for the 20th Century • Estimated 1/3 of population (now, 6B) do not have access • Significant proportion of remainder does not have reliable access to battery or grid • 18,000 occupied structures on Navajo Nation lack electrical power (2001 legislation)

  4. Background - Significance • Impact of electrification significant • Transformation of Western world • Thomas Hughes: Networks of Power • People who caused change • Social Impact – standard of living • Recognized by National Renewable Energy Laboratory in late 1990s • Village Power Program • Development of microfinancing

  5. Background – Solar Insolation • Goal to provide electrical resources to people in underdeveloped countries • Leapfrog technology – no need for 100 years of development • Example of cell phone in Asia • Review of global insolation map • Poorest people ($1-2 a day income) • Within plus or minus 30 degree of latitude • Highest values of solar insolation (minimum W hr/sq m/day)

  6. Background – DC Power • Solar photovoltaic systems inherently DC • History of DC (Edison) versus AC (Westinghouse and Tesla) at end of 19th century • DC versus AC for generation, distribution, and utilization • Initially, applied to lighting • Lighting today • 60W incandescent bulb and 20W compact fluorescent bulb lumens • Equivalent to 3W LED technology, and improving

  7. Background – DC power loads • Efficiency of electrical motors: few horsepower • Permanent magnet DC motors • Electrical appliances • Computer: 50W laptop (DC) • TVs, radios use DC power • RV 12V DC market: kitchen appliances • Portable power tools – battery powered (DC) • Computers: wireless connection • Internet, phone (voice over IP), TV, radio, • Education: MIT Media Lab $100 laptop project

  8. Background – Moore’s Law • Stand-alone solar photovoltaic system technology is mature, e.g., Sandia Handbook • Application of Moore’s Law to development of SuPER system • Solar cell development: commercial and research lab • Estimate 5% per decade with base of 16% in 2005 • Implies 25% efficiency in 2025 • DARPA RFP: 1000 units of 50% efficiency

  9. Commercial Module Range Laboratory Cells Histories of Silicon Photovoltaic Module and Cell Efficiencies Ref.: Martin A. Green; "Silicon Photovoltaic Modules: A Brief History of the First 50 Years"; Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2005; 13:447–455 (Published online 18 April 2005 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/pip.612)

  10. April Allderdice and John H. Rogers; Renewable Energy for Microenterprise; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; November 2000

  11. Antonio C. Jimenez, Tom Lawand; Renewable Energy for Rural Schools; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; November 2000

  12. Jonathan O.V. Touryan and Kenell J. Touryan; Renewable Energy for Sustainable Rural Village Power; Presented at the American Scientific Affiliation Conference Arkansas August 1, 1999 National Renewable Energy Laboratory

  13. Background – Solar and DC Power • Conclusion • Solar photovoltaic is poised for leapfrog technology • Many development tools available • Expectation of future efficiencies • Sustainable power source • Digital control of standalone system • DC is power of future • Decentralized • Matched to source and loads

  14. Solar Panel Control and Status DC Interface Energy Storage (Battery) Technical Description of SuPER System • Modular design: four subsystems • Stand-alone solar photovoltaic system design very mature

  15. Technical Description of SuPER System – approach and goals • Approach to design from first principles • Created set of five sets of requirements • Overall, and a set for each subsystem • Overall goal: • Mean time between failures (MTBF): 25 years • Mean time to repair (MTTR): 1 hour • Design lifecycle of 20 years • Cost: less than $500 for 1 sq m PV module including battery replacements

  16. Technical Description of SuPER System - requirements • Overall system requirements (abbreviated) • Total power/energy budget: input, storage, output • Measurements and definition of state • Safety: NEC/standards code, grounding • Mechanical design: enclosure/packaging • Startup and shutdown, error detection/recovery • Documentation: General Public License (Open Source)

  17. Technical Description of SuPER System - requirements • Solar Panel requirements (abbreviated) • Size: 1, 2, 4 sq m modular design • Voltage (DC); 12V, 24V, 48V • Fixed tilt @ latitude + or – 15 deg • Modularity: parallel/series, interface DC sources • Maintenance • Measurements: voltage/current; spectral and temporal characterization; temperature

  18. Technical Description of SuPER System - requirements • Energy storage requirements (abbreviated) • Type: deep cycle, AGM-gel, Ni-Cd • Maintenance minimal (clean terminals) • Replacement schedule: every 5-10 years • Safety and sustainability • Measurements: charging and discharging • Grounding and mechanical

  19. Technical Description of SuPER System - requirements • DC interface requirements (abbreviated) • Single or multiple DC outputs: model of AC 110V input service bus with multiple circuits • Currents: use of AWG 12 or 14 implies 15A • Circuit breakers, GFI, overload for motors • Characterization of DC electrical loads • Modular design for load growth • Forum for DC standarization: model of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

  20. Technical Description of SuPER System- requirements • Control and status module requirements (abbreviated) • Digital development technology: example is Altera FPGA/NIOS with uclinux OS, internet I/F • Switching of array power with conditioning • User display/interface • Digital control algorithms: maximum power point tracking (MPPT), softstart for power switching • Safety and grounding • Enclosure with environmental conditioning

  21. Feasibility Analysis • Worst case global solar radiation: 4 KW h / sq m per day • Solar cell efficiency of 10% yields 400 W h / sq m • Solar module of 1 sq m for 400 W h per day • Energy storage at 12V with discharge of 50% yields 66 A h battery • Car/truck battery • Five year replacement

  22. Feasibility Analysis • Lighting: 5 LED lamps @ 3W for 4 hours yields 60 W h • Water pump: ¼ HP (187 W) for one hour • 565 liters at maximum heigth of 7.62 m (garden hose) • Computer and communication: 50 W for one hour • Refrigerator (12V DC) @ 50 W h • Portable battery charging @ 50 W h

  23. Feasibility Analysis Daily Source (W h) Solar energy production 400 Total energy use allocation 397 Lighting 60 Pump/motor 187 Computer/communications 50 Refrigerator 50 Portable battery charging 50 Energy storage: 12V AGM lead acid battery rated at 66 A h (one day supply for 50% discharge)

  24. Feasibility Analysis • Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) • SunWize Systems model DC30 75/100 • Manufacturer suggested retail price $1469 • Solar power generator system • Self-contained 12V DC with battery storage • 190 W h with input solar radiation of 4 K w h / day • Marketed for emergency power applications • AC output models available

  25. Five Year Plan for Development • Summary of development process • First three years for prototype development • Three generations at one year for each • Use of Electric Power Institute for administration • Last two years for field testing • Five years for completed design and testing • Includes business plan, documentation and dissemination

  26. Five Year Plan for Development • First year activities • First generation functional design • Use of 20-101 power senior project lab • Set up development environment • FPGA and uclinux OS • Using EE/CPE senior project and thesis • Prototype goal: satisfy all functional requirements • Marketing plans with OCOB students • Winter 06 client for BUS 454 Developing and Presenting Marketing Plans/Senior Project • At least three marketing plans proposed: • USA investors for SuPER development • Indigenous entrepreneurs business opportunity • Indigenous consumers for SuPER system

  27. Five Year Plan for Development • Second year activities • Second generation prototype addressing: • modularity, manufacturing, reliability, maintainability, cost, packaging • Development of involvement of student clubs • Extensive system testing and evaluation • Initiation of business plan • Establishment of DC standards forum

  28. Five Year Plan for Development • Third year of activities • Third generation SuPER prototype addressing: • Packaging • Satisfies all functional and performance requirements • Cost requirements satisfied • Extensive testing and evaluation • Complete open source documentation of SuPER System: GPL compliant • Growth of DC standard forum development activities • Business plans disseminated • Targeted entrepreneurs within countries of interest • Plan for field testing in fourth year • Potential of Navajo Nation developed

  29. Five Year Plan for Development • Fourth and fifth year of activities: • Assessment of SuPER system • Improvement of design and construction • MTBF of 25 years, MTTR of 1 hour • 20 year lifecycle cost < $500 • Update of SuPER system open source documentation • Pilot projects initiated and evaluated • DC standards forum publishes DC standard • Revised business plan disseminated

  30. Faculty Participating on SuPER Project • Administrated by Electric Power Institute • Dr. Ahmad Nafisi, Director • Collaboration with CENG Center for Sustainability in Engineering • Dr. Deanna Richards, Director • EE/CPE faculty initially involved: • Drs. James G. Harris, Ahmad Nafisi, Ali Shaban, Taufik • OCOB faculty initially involved: • Dr. Doug Cerf, Associate Dean • Dr. Norm Borin, Chair of Marketing Area

  31. Student Involvement • EE graduate students for thesis work in system engineering • Overall system requirements, design, integration and testing • System design for status and control • EE and CPE students for senior projects in subsystem development • Design and testing of subsystems • OCOB students for senior projects in BUS 454 for marketing plans • Development of a Cal Poly SuPER team

  32. Student Involvement • Initially work with resources available • Adequate for start, just lengthens schedule • Plan to acquire support for not only additional resources, but also students • Faculty to provide continuing direction through “generations” of students working on SuPER project

  33. Facilities, Equipment and Resources • Solar panel system available in EE Department – see photo • Development laboratory to be established in power senior project laboratory (20-101) • Resources of Power Electronics Laboratory available (20-104) • Basic infrastructure for system development exists at Cal Poly

  34. 450-W 24-V Solar Panels on mobile station, 40-Amp charge controller, Solar Boost MPPT, and 2 Deka Solar Sealed Electrolyte Batteries; lab also has a 3.5 kW Outback All-In-One (MPPT, Charge Controller, and Inverter) to accommodate future expansion of the solar panel system.

  35. Status and Plans - foundations • Support solicited over summer from foundations: • MacArthur • Rockefeller Brothers • Energy Foundation • Ford • Hewlett • Packard • Clairborne (Liz) and Art Ortenbery • Gates • Kaufman • “it does not fall within either of their current funding priorities and/or guidelines.”

  36. Status and Plans - NSF • Submitted proposal to National Science Foundation on September 23, 2005 • RUI: Development of Sustainable Power for Electrical Resources – SuPER System • Research in Undergraduate Institutions (RUI) Program Announcement within its Faculty Research Projects area for three years and total of $240K • Submitted to Control, Networks & Computation Intelligence (CCNI) program within Electrical & Communications and Systems (ECS) Division of the Engineering Directorate

  37. Status and Plans - start • Initiate the effort with existing resources • Senior projects and thesis work • Engineering – technical • Business – economic • Establish DC web-based forum • Continue to involve other faculty and students

  38. Why? Broader Impact of SuPER Project • Provides family owned electrical power source • Only electrical power source for family • Increasing power resource with time • With financial business plan: $2-3 per month for all electrical power needs • Decentralized, sustainable development of electrical power in poorest countries • SuPER system potential resource for raising standard of living of poorest to par with rest of world

  39. Broader Impact • Priority and focus on developing sustainable electrical resource for poorest people • Success will provide model for people in developed nations • Recognize commitment to status quo • Centralized AC power generation with distribution • Review current PG&E bill • Replace with sustainable distributed DC power

  40. Interested in Participating? • Check out SuPER website: http://www.ee.calpoly.edu/~jharris/research/research.html • Announcement of opportunities • White Paper • Graduate Seminar Presentation • Visit with faculty involved: • EE: Jim Harris, Ahmad Nafisi, Ali Shaban, Taufik • OCOB: Doug Cerf, Norm Borin

  41. References • 1. George Constable, Bob Somerville; A Century of Innovation: Twenty Engineering Achievements that Transformed our Lives; National Academy of Engineering; 2003; overview available at http://www.greatachievements.org/ • 2. Jonathan O.V. Touryan, Kenell J. Touryan; "Renewable Energy for • Sustainable Rural Village Power";Presented at the American Scientific Affiliation • Conference ArkansasAugust 1999, available from NREL as NREL/CP-720-26871 • [hybrid system for nrel village power program report • 3. Begay-Campbell, Sandia National Laboratories; "Sustainable Hybrid System Deployment with the Navajo Tribal Utility Authority"; NCPV and Solar Program Review Meeting 2003 NREL/CD-520-33586 Page 541; available at http://www.nrel.gov/ncpv_prm/pdfs/33586073.pdf [estimated date 2003, describes program resulting from "On November 5, 2001, President Bush signed the Navajo Nation Electrification Demonstration Program (Section 602, Public Law 106-511) into Law. This law directs the Secretary of Energy to establish a 5-year program to assist the Navajo Nation in meeting its electricity needs for the estimated 18,000 occupied structures on the Navajo Nation that lack electric power."] • 4. Thomas P. Hughes; Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930; Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983 • 5. Thomas P. Hughes; American Genesis A Century of Invention and Technological Enthusiasm 1870-1970; Penguin Books; 1989 • 6. David Nye; Electrifying America Social Meanings of a New Technology, 1880-1940; MIT Press; 1990

  42. References • 7. Antonio C. Jimenez, Tom Lawand; "Renewable Energy for Rural Schools"; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; November 2000 • [report from village power program at nrel – covers all renewable sources] • 8. April Allderdice, John H. Rogers; Renewable Energy for Microenterprise; NREL: November 2000; available from http://www.gvep.org/content/article/detail/8508 • [microfinance introduction for renewable energy in underdevelopment countries] • 9. Ulrich Stutenbaumer, Tesfaye Negash, Amensisa Abdi; "Performance of small scale photovoltaic systems and their potential for rural electrification in Ethiopia"; Renewable Energy 18 (1999) pp 35-48 • [authored by locals, but dated – example of early recognition of possibilities] • 10. Sunwize Technologies; http://www.sunwize.com/; insolation map available at http://www.sunwize.com/info_center/insolmap.htm • [on-line catalog and interactive planning support; global insolation map] • 11. Evan Mills; "The Specter of Fuel-Based Lighting"; Science; v. 308, 27 May 2005, pp 1263-1264 • 12. E. Fred Schubert, Jong Kyu Kim; "Solid-State Light Sources Getting Smart"; Science; v. 308, 27 May 2005, pp 1274-1278 • 13. Thurton, J.P. and Stafford, B; "Successful Design of PV Power Systems for Solid-State Lighting Applications"; Fourth International Conference on Solid State Lighting; 3-6 August, 2004, Denver. Colorado / Proc. of SPIE; v. 5530; 2004; pp284-295 • [mainly lessons learned]

  43. References • 14. MIT Media Lab; http://laptop.media.mit.edu/ • 15. Sandia National Laboratories, Solar Programs and Technologies Department; Southwest Technology Development Institute, New Mexico State University; Daystar, Inc., Las Cruces, NM; "Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems: A Handbook of Recommended Design Practices"; Sandia National Laboratories, SAND87-7023 Updated July 2003 • [revised handbook first published in 1988] • 16. Kyocera Solar, Inc., Solar Electric Products Catalog , August 2005 • [available on web – prices for small modules only] • 17. IEA PVPS International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement on Photovoltaic Power Systems Task 3 Use of Photovoltaic Power Systems in Stand-Alone and Island • Applications Report IEA PVPS T3-09: 2002 "Use of appliances in Stand-Alone PV Power supply systems: problems and solutions; September 2002 • [dos and don'ts for design] • 18. Alison Wilshaw, Lucy Southgate & Rolf Oldach; "Quality Management of Stand Alone PV Systems: Recommended Practices" IEA Task 3, www.task3.pvps.iea.org • [another report of iea agreement] • 19. Martin A. Green; "Silicon Photovoltaic Modules: A Brief History of the First • 50 Years"; Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2005; 13:447–455 (Published online 18 April 2005 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/pip.612) • [history and use of moore's law with darpa rfp; also figure] • 20. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) BAA05-21 posted Feb. 25, 2005 RFP—Very High Efficiency Solar Cell (VHESC) program announcement with deadline on 3/29/2005, which will be open at least a year from this date; see http://www.darpa.mil/ato/solicit/VHESC/index.htm

  44. References • 21. H. Spanggaard, F.C. Krebs; "A brief history of the development of organic and • polymeric photovoltaics"; Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 83 (2004) 125–146 • [overview in context of inorganic (si) pv's) • 22. T. Givler, P. Lilienthal; "Using HOMER® Software, NREL’s Micropower Optimization Model, to Explore the Role of Gen-sets in Small Solar Power Systems Case Study: Sri Lanka"; Technical Report NREL/TP-710-36774; May 2005. • 23. David L. King, Thomas D. Hund, William E. Boyson, Mark E. Ralph, Marlene Brown, Ron Orozco; "Experimental Optimization of the FireFly. 600 Photovoltaic Off-Grid System"; Sandia National Laboratories, SAND2003-3493 October 2003 • [system and component test with ac inverter; measurement parameters; standards and codes identified, e.g., grounding] • 24. R. Akkaya*, A. A. Kulaksiz; "A microcontroller-based stand-alone photovoltaic power system for residential appliances"; Applied Energy 78 (2004) 419–431; available at • www.elsevier.com/locate/apenergy • [microbased control, but focused on AC output]

  45. References • 25. Angel V. Peterchev, Seth R. Sanders; "Digital Loss-Minimizing Multi-Mode Synchronous Buck Converter Control"; 2004 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference Aachen, Germany, 2004 • [dc to dc for cell phone/computer using digital techniques] • 26. Jason Hatashita, "Evaluation of a Network Co-processing Architecture Implemented in Programmable Hardware." EE MS Thesis, February 2002; available at http://www.netprl.calpoly.edu/files/phatfile/papers/masters/jasonH.pdf • 27. Homepage for Cal Poly Marketing Program: http://buiznt.cob.calpoly.edu/cob/Mktg/Borin/ ; see client application in lower right hand space • 28. EE 460/463/464 Senior Seminar/Senior Project Handbook available at: • http://www.ee.calpoly.edu/listings/29/sphand.pdf] • 29. Muhammad H. Rashid; Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications(3rd Edition); Prentice-Hall; 2004

More Related