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Scientist think and talk

Language of Science * Are you hyperactive or hypoactive today?. Thinking about thinking What are the numbers on the bottom of the dice? How do you know?. Scientist think and talk. Scientific Method & Experimental Design. Solving Problems.

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Scientist think and talk

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  1. Language of Science * Are you hyperactiveor hypoactivetoday? Thinking about thinking What are the numbers on the bottom of the dice? How do you know? Scientist think and talk

  2. Scientific Method &Experimental Design

  3. Solving Problems To answer questions scientists use an organized system called the Scientific Method: Some questions are solved quickly Some over years Some never get solved

  4. Basic SM Question Test Analyze Conclude

  5. Steps of the Method State a problem Gather information (research, observations) Form a hypothesis Perform an experiment to test the hypothesis Record & analyze data State a conclusion Repeat the work

  6. Creating a Hypothesis Based on a small amount of information An If – Then -- Because statement Needs to be testable Needed for experimentation

  7. Make a hypothesis You notice that your scores on your tests in biology over the past month. You want to improve your test scores. Form a hypothesis:

  8. Where to Start To get precise results that are accepted by other scientists, you need: a specific hypothesis design a specific experiment

  9. Parts of an experiment In an experiment there are two variables Independent variable Dependent variable

  10. Independent variables This is the part of the experiment that is deliberately changed from the beginning of the experiment The factor that is being tested

  11. Trials & Sample Size • Set up multiple trials based on the IV • Everything is the same except the factor being tested • Make sure to test more than 1 per trial • Why?

  12. Dependent variable This is the part of the experiment that is measured This measurement tells the scientists if the independent variable has an effect on the outcome of the experiment 2 kinds: Quantitative & Qualitative

  13. Designing of Experiment • In addition to the variables some experiments allow for a control • An experiment where there is not IV

  14. The Control Makes sure that the experiment tests the independent variable How? Hold all factors at “normal” Used for comparison

  15. The Results Results either support or disprove the hypothesis

  16. Scientific Hypothesis A possible explanation for an observation based on a small amount of information

  17. Scientific Law A basic principle that describes behavior of a natural phenomenon. A rule of nature. Explains what will happen.

  18. Scientific Theory A well tested explanation, supported by an overwhelming amount of evidence & is accepted by the majority of scientists. Explains Why Often used to explain scientific laws

  19. Practice your skills • Identify the various elements of scientific method AND • Identify experimental errors

  20. Scenario 1 • Compost and Bean Plants • Different aged grass compost on bean plant growth • Older compost should produce taller bean plants • 3 flats (25 plants per flat): Flat A given 6 month old compost, Flat B given 3 month old compost and Flat C no compost • Plant height recorded after 30 days

  21. Scenario 2 • Metals and Rusting • Utilities company burying lead next to iron pipes to prevent rusting • Perhaps more active metals will be better at preventing rusting • Placed following into separate beakers of water: a) 1 iron nail b) 1 iron nail wrapped in aluminum c) 1 iron nail wrapped in magnesium d) 1 iron nail wrapped in lead • Same amount of water used in each and at end of 5 days rated amount of rust

  22. Scenario 3 • Certain perfume esters agitate bees, wanted to know if Ester X was present in 4 different perfumes by observing bee behavior • Placed 10 mL of first perfume 30 m from hive, recorded time for bees to emerge and behavior • Allowed for 30 min recovery then repeated with additional perfumes

  23. Scenario 4 • Fossils and Cliff Depth • Observed that different types and amounts of fossils were present in a cliff behind home • Marked bank at five positions: 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 m from surface • She removed 1 bucket of soil from each of the positions and determined kind and number of fossils in each sample

  24. Scenario 5 • Aloe vera and Planaria • Aloe vera is to promote healing of burned tissue so it might help with regeneration of planaria. • Bisected planaria to obtain 10 parts (5 heads and 5 tails) • Applied 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%of aloe vera to the groups • 15 mL of solutions were applied. All planaria kept in same chamber with same temp, food, etc • On day 15 Jackie observed the regeneration and categorized as full, partial or whole

  25. Scientific Theory A well tested explanation, supported by an overwhelming amount of evidence & is accepted by the majority of scientists. Explains Why Often used to explain scientific laws

  26. SCIENTIFIC METHODand the Snowshoe Hare • Observations – • Problems (?)- • Hypothesis – • Manipulated (Independent) Variable – • Responding (Dependent) Variable – • Control Group • Constants

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