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T É CNICA

T É CNICA. EThNOGRAPHIC TECHNICS. Holistica. Naturalist. Fenomenologic. Malinowski. Ethnographics. Tradicionaly…. Ethnographics. Present day… . As a design tool. The designers need to understand the relationships between what they produce and the MEANING of their products for others.

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T É CNICA

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  1. TÉCNICA EThNOGRAPHIC TECHNICS Holistica. Naturalist.Fenomenologic Malinowski

  2. Ethnographics Tradicionaly…

  3. Ethnographics Present day…

  4. As a design tool The designers need to understand the relationships between what they produce and the MEANING of their products for others

  5. Understanding the cultural rules …which condition design

  6. Observing reality… Not leaving everything to the words of the people…

  7. Identify posible improvements

  8. UNiversal Compare the ways in which some products funcion all over the world…

  9. 1 RESEARCH DESIGN Defining the problem and the objectives of the investigation • It helps all parricipants to understand the questions and the importance that the research can have when making decisions for the final design. • It helps to define the information and necesary by-products to efficiently comunicate both the investigation and conclusions to the client. PP Task program

  10. RESEARCH DESIGN Determination ámbito and muster. • Who are the persons who can shed more light on the questions? • Is that someones who uses certain products or who acts in certain ways? • Is it someone who provokes changes or impacts on the way that others act? • Are they personss who live in a given environment, the culture or the geophic location? of Spheres relation Active user Pasive user Constructing user Service user

  11. 2 OBSERVING, REGISTERING AND DESCRIBING Directa o Indirecta Participanteo no Participante De campo o de Laboratorio Individual o de Equipo Scientific Observation Direct or Indirect Participant or not Participant In the field or in the Lab Individual or in a team Prolongada y repetitiva Extended and repetitive

  12. 2 OBSERVING, REGISTERING AND DESCRIBING Field Notes Permanentregisters (videos, fotos, voicerecordings)

  13. 3 THE ETHNOGRAPHIC INTERVIEW Triangulation of information • Informant: How to select an informant, how many are to use and to what purpose • The problem with lack of precision of the informants • Planification and execution of theinterview: protocol, polling, contextualization and transcription.

  14. THE ETHNOGRAPHIC INTERVIEW Kinds of questions: Phrasing of the questions that can be modificied according to the investigation: Descriptivas questions: What do the do? Where do they live? Structural questions: What is the meaning of the expression used by an actor in a given moment? Contrasting questions: Does the actor use these expressions in other situacions?

  15. Focal Groups ”Group explorative inerview” • Collective interviews made to homogeneus groups • Knowing conductss and social attitudes • Obtaining more and more veried answers that can enrich the information in respect to a matter. • Better focusing a research or more easily locating a product. • Obtainig ideas to perform later studies

  16. Focal Groups ”Group explorative inerview”

  17. Histories of life Crear a relationship based on empathe The tales of life as products of the sociedty or part of the ulture: Construccion of coherence in the narratives

  18. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Focal Groups A group of manipulations, transformations, operations and reflections that we perform on the data to obtain significations that allow for the understanding of the situacion of a matter of study

  19. QUALITATIVO ANALYSIS Reality Conceptual elaboration of the information communication Information of the slice of reality Conservation treatment Expression Creativo process

  20. 4 MANAGEMENT OF THE DATA AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Transcription of text The manageament of information: how to organize, storage and facilitate the acces to the dat Reduction of data Categorization Categorization Conceptual clasification of units covered by a common matter Asignement of a label to each unit that is considered part of a class

  21. MANAGEMENT OF THE DATA AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS The manageament of information: how to organize, storage and facilitate the acces to the dat categorization Units Process of categorization Identification and classification of elements Syntehsis and grouping Manipulative process through which the categorization is descibed

  22. MANAGEMENT OF THE DATA AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Information reduction

  23. MANAGEMENT OF THE DATA AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS Construction of presentations Extracting and y verifying the conclusions 23

  24. QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE • The researcher studies the behavior of men from the outside. He introduces himself on some ocassions into the scenary that he pretends to define and explain • He observes his subject of study in a controlled way • He thinks that through the control of the contaminating variables he does not provoca reactive effects among the subjects under observation. • He thinks that he can generalise other similar contexts • The researcher intents to understand the human behavior immerso in the place where it develops and interacts. • He observes activeley its subject of studies • He is aware that his presence provokes reactiv effects among the subjects under observation. • He thinks that the only existing generalisation is that no generalización exists

  25. The image can represent a thousand words with infinite meanings • The development or research methods in marketingthat go through the anthropological look: to observe, understand and decode in order to understand human behaviors in his habitat • Transcription of an ethnographic observation into a discourse expressed in images and sound: fotos, video, movies; instead of the written text, visual narrative is used VISUAL ETHNOGRAPHY 25

  26. VISUAL ETHNOGRAPHY QUALITATIVE • Visual ethnography ilustres what has been researched and documented by the anthropologist and the visual production of the anthropologic kind It is the intervention de un no antropólogo experto en la técnica de grabación y filmación que registra los fenómenos sociales • Actualmente hay una gran cantidad de etnografías digitales que se publican en CD-ROM o distribuidas a través de la web; algunos ejemplos que podemos encontrar son: “El Pulque”, trabajo realizado por Scott S. Robinson (http://antropologíavisual.net)

  27. Mesografia • http://www.uam.es/personal_pdi/stmaria/jmurillo/InvestigacionEE/Presentaciones/Etnografica_doc.pdf • http://www.torresburriel.com/weblog/2010/04/21/tecnicas-etnograficas-como-herramientas-utiles-en-ux/

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