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The Phoenicians

The Phoenicians. Phoenicia was located in Southwest Asia. Phoenician Coastal Plain. Tyre. Phoenicians. The Phoenicians were a Semitic-speaking people. They settled in small city-states in present-day Lebanon. There were few natural resources in their land. So, they turned to the seas.

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The Phoenicians

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  1. The Phoenicians E. Napp

  2. Phoenicia was located in Southwest Asia. E. Napp

  3. Phoenician Coastal Plain • Tyre E. Napp

  4. Phoenicians • The Phoenicians were a Semitic-speaking people. • They settled in small city-states in present-day Lebanon. • There were few natural resources in their land. So, they turned to the seas. E. Napp

  5. History 115 • 3000 BC => First Phoenician settlement • 1800 BC => Under Egyptian control • 1600 BC => Trading with foreign cities • 1400 BC => Under Hittite control • 1200 BC => Independent & colonizing • 800 BC => Under Assyrians • 585 BC => Conquered by Nebuchadnezzar • 332 BC => Conquered by Alexander • 64 BC => Absorbed into Roman empire E. Napp

  6. The Phoenicians:Sailors of the Mediterranean The Phoenicians settled on the Mediterranean Sea. They were part of the fertile crescent that extended from Mesopotamia to Egypt and beyond. E. Napp

  7. The Phoenicians were seafaring traders. They sailed the Mediterranean sea. E. Napp

  8. Phoenician Traders • By 900 B.C., the Phoenicians dominated Mediterranean trade. • The Phoenicians were able to build a civilization without relying on agriculture. • Income generated by trade allowed the Phoenicians to build permanent settlements. E. Napp

  9. E. Napp

  10. Mediterranean as a Cultural Petri Dish/Cultural Diffusion E. Napp

  11. Murex snail (or sea snail / Murex Trunculus) E. Napp

  12. E. Napp

  13. Tyrian purple Quick Details Source: Murex Trunculus
Colour: PurplePlace of Origin: Phoenicia 
 Name of the colour:Tyrian royal purple

this pigment / colour is extracted from sea snails called ''Murex Trunculus’’ E. Napp

  14. Glass E. Napp

  15. CEDAR TREES E. Napp

  16. Crafts • Tyre was famous for arts & crafts • crafts in stone, metal, glass, etc. • objects of gold, ivory, silver or glass • for temples and tombs • found throughout the Mediterranean region E. Napp

  17. Crafts E. Napp

  18. Trade: EXPORT • Leading sailors and traders of ancient world • They traded: • Cloth • Dye (purple dye made from shellfish murex) • Glass • Pottery • Cedar trees E. Napp

  19. Amphora: Originate on Phoenician Coast carry wine, olive oil, dye E. Napp

  20. Underwater Archeology: Phoenician Shipwrecks E. Napp

  21. Underwater Archeology: Phoenician Shipwrecks E. Napp

  22. Trade: IMPORT • Traded for: • Tin (Britannia) • Hides, ivory, ostrich feathers, and slaves (Africa) • Gold, precious stones, and spices (India) E. Napp

  23. COINS, MONEY E. Napp

  24. These are Phoenician coins. Phoenician money was minted by individual cities. E. Napp

  25. The World’s First Alphabet • The Phoenicians invented the world’s first alphabet. • Each of the twenty-two Phoenician alphabet symbols represented a different sound. • The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet. From the Phoenician and Greek alphabets come our alphabet. E. Napp

  26. An alphabet based on symbols representing sounds is easier to learn than the use of characters. E. Napp

  27. E. Napp

  28. A is for Ox! A E. Napp

  29. This is what really happened! E. Napp

  30. H is for ‘fence’ E. Napp

  31. Phoenician was an important 'trunk' of the alphabet tree 118 E. Napp

  32. Inventions Alphabet of consonants Papyrus paper Keeled hull Technological Advancements • Use of the North Star • Method of charting ship speed • Maps and charts E. Napp

  33. Navigation and Seafaring • Established commercial supremacy • Phoenicians are credited with discovery and use of Polaris • Ventured where others would not • Carefully guarded secrets of their trade routes and discoveries and knowledge of winds and currents • Made up stories of sea monsters and the dangers of sea travel E. Napp

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  38. Trireme: warship with battering ram E. Napp

  39. Protection from pirates E. Napp

  40. Pillars of Hercules: The End of the Known World E. Napp

  41. How much Phoenician Exploration? E. Napp

  42. Did the Phoenicians circumnavigate Africa? • Some historians believe that this was possible • Ancient Greek historian Herodotus says Phoenicians sailed into the Red Sea • Since Phoenician sailors kept their sea travel knowledge secret there is little historical evidence. • Having the ability to do something, and doing it are two separate things. • Zheng He and the Chinese Treasure Fleets E. Napp

  43. E. Napp

  44. Papyrus Boat: Ra II 1970 E. Napp

  45. Thor Hyerdal and Ra E. Napp

  46. Phoenician Colonies • The Phoenicians established trading colonies throughout the Mediterranean region. • A colony is a region controlled by a distant country. • Carthage was a famous Phoenician trading colony in North Africa. E. Napp

  47. The Phoenicians established many colonies. E. Napp

  48. Religion 116 In various cities these deities were known by different names: E. Napp

  49. Government Area divided into city-states Loose union Kings appear to be the oldest form of government in the area. Royal houses claimed “Devine Consent.” Kings could not be chosen by outside members. King’s power was limited by powerful merchant families Some areas had a council of elders E. Napp

  50. Leaders There were kings of each city-state. King Rib-Addi of Byblos King Abi-Miliki of Tyre King Zimrida of Sidon Custom for kings to be of royal blood. E. Napp

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