Professional Women and Minorities: A Total Human Resources Data Compendium

1. Professional Women and Minorities: A Total Human Resources Data Compendium Slide Set: Chapter 1

2. The proportion of Hispanics and Asian/Pacific Islanders is increasing. Currently 34% of 18-24 year olds are African American, Hispanic or American Indian/Alaska Native and 4% are Asian/Pacific Islander.

3. The 65 and older population has grown from about 10% to nearly 20% of the population, indicating a longer lifespan.

4. Females and males are earning high school diplomas and bachelors degrees at similar levels. However, Hispanics, especially males, still lag in educational attainment at age 25 and older.

5. High school completion for both Hispanic men and women has risen; however, Hispanic men continue to have the highest percentage of noncompleters.

6. SAT scores differ by race/ethnicity: Asian/Pacific Islanders score highest on SAT exams, while African Americans score the lowest.

7. High school students are taking more advanced math classes than in previous years, making them more ready for college coursework.

8. High school females are more likely to take chemistry and pre-calculus courses than male students; however, they are less likely to take physics.

9. Persistent ethnic gaps are found in high school preparation. Two important factors: (1) course availability and (2) teachers’ “lowered expectations” for Hispanics, African Americans and American Indian/Alaska Natives.

10. Chapter 2 Slides Enrollment in Higher Education

11. Women’s enrollments have steadily increased since 1965. Although men had higher enrollment rate than women until 1975, they now have a lower college enrollment rate than women.

12. College enrollment rate increases have been steady for non-Hispanic Whites but erratic for Hispanics and African Americans. The rate of Non-Hispanic Whites surpasses that of other groups.

13. More than half of Hispanics are enrolled in 2-year institutions. Non-Hispanic whites and temporary residents are most likely to be enrolled in 4-year institutions.

14. The trend towards increased full-time enrollment in for-profit institutions continued in 2005. Women in graduate programs were most likely to enroll in this type of institution.

15. Most undergraduate students were non-Hispanic whites. Hispanics were particularly under-represented among undergraduate enrollees.

16. Women’s representation among first-year, full-time engineering students has declined since the early 1990s. The representation of minorities and foreign nationals has been relatively consistent over the past 8 years.

17. Manufacturing engineering has the highest proportion of under-represented minorities among engineering disciplines, followed by industrial and then electrical engineering.

18. Women are most highly represented in the newer engineering disciplines of environmental and biomedical engineering. They have long been more highly represented in chemical and industrial than most other engineering fields.

19. Temporary residents have accounted for about 30% of graduate students enrolled in science and engineering since 2000. There were nearly a half million (486,287) graduate students enrolled in 2006.

20. Graduate enrollment has grown fastest since 1995 in computer science and the biological sciences. Among the sciences, the social sciences had the highest graduate enrollment in 2006.

21. Nearly half of engineering and computer science graduate students enrolled in 2006 were temporary residents. Psychology had the lowest percentage of temporary residents (4.9%).

22. Chapter 3 Slides Degrees Awarded

23. As degree level increases, women’s and URMs’ share of degrees decreases. At each level, these groups are less likely to earn degrees in S&E.

24. Within gender, Asian/Pacific Islanders were most likely to receive bachelor’s degrees in S&E: 41% of women and 55% of men who earned bachelor’s degrees in 2006 did so in S&E.

25. White males and females earned more than 68% of all science and engineering bachelor degrees. URMs of both sexes earned less than 20% in 2005-2006.

26. The majority of degrees earned by all racial/ethnic groups are in non-S&E fields. However, Asian/Pacific Islanders and Temporary residents are more likely to earn S&E degrees than Whites or URMs.

27. Temporary residents are more likely to receive Master’s degrees in S&E fields than any U.S. racial/ethnic groups.

28. White women and men have similar Master’s degree attainment in S&E fields.

29. At the Master’s level, temporary residents and Asian/Pacific Islanders are most likely to receive degrees in S&E fields. URMs, overall, are more likely to receive degrees in psychology and social sciences then other S&E fields.

30. Temporary residents are more likely to receive Master’s degrees in S&E fields than other groups.

31. Temporary resident males earned 30% of all S&E doctoral degrees, followed by white males (26%) and white females (20%).

32. At the doctoral level, temporary residents and Asian/Pacific Islanders are most likely to receive degrees in S&E fields.

33. Women have reached parity in most professional degree areas; however, they still fall behind in theology/divinity. In the area of veterinary medicine, they now exceed males’ participation.

34. Asian/Pacific Islanders earned approximately 20% of all MDs, while combined URMs also earn slightly less than 20%.

35. Women are near parity in most medical fields. They have exceeded men’s participation in optometry and pharmacy.

36. Whites and African Americans earn the most theology professional degrees. Asian/Pacific Islanders earn nearly an equal number of professional degrees in medicine, dentistry and pharmacy.

37. Chapter 4 Slides Science and Engineering Degrees

38. Women’s representation varies greatly across STEM fields and degree levels.

39. Women earn nearly 30% of all industrial engineering degrees, but only about 10% of all aeronautical engineering degrees.

40. While women have made consistent gains in most physical science doctoral awards, they have not yet reached parity. Women continue to receive less than 40% of doctoral degrees in all areas.

41. Compared to other subdisciplines in science, women in earth, atmospheric and ocean fields attained more than 30% of all doctoral degrees in 2006.

42. In agriculture and biology, women have made significant progress since 1982. In biology, women have achieved parity, with agriculture close to parity.

43. Women earned more than half of all psychology and sociology doctoral degrees, but less than 45% of all political science and economic doctoral degrees.

44. URMs represent 34% of 18-24 year olds but are far from parity in every STEM field at all levels. Representation at the doctoral level is particularly low.

45. Asian/Pacific Islanders are over-represented in many STEM fields. 4% of 18-24 year olds are from these groups.

46. Temporary residents accounted for more than half of the U.S. doctoral degrees in engineering, computer science and mathematics in 2006.

47. Temporary residents earned almost 65% of all economic doctorate degrees. Among the social sciences, sociology exceeds parity of women (62%) and URMs (17%) are closing the gap.

48. Chapter 5 Slides Science and Engineering Employment

49. Over the past 20 years, an increasing percentage of STEM graduates plan to undertake a postdoc. Those in all but psychology and social sciences were less likely in 2006 to say they had definite plans than in 1986.

50. Most postdocs at U.S. academic institutions are in the biological and agricultural or health sciences.