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Mughal Empire

Mughal Empire. Early History of the Mughals. 8 th century begins with bloody clash between the Hindus and Muslims In the year of 1000, Turkish armies swept into India and leave the region weak. Over 17 campaigns

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Mughal Empire

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  1. Mughal Empire

  2. Early History of the Mughals • 8th century begins with bloody clash between the Hindus and Muslims • In the year of 1000, Turkish armies swept into India and leave the region weak. Over 17 campaigns • Between the 13th and 16th centuries, 33 different sultans ruled the divided territory of Delhi

  3. Babur Founds an Empire • 1494, 11 year old Babur inherits the kingdom that is now current day Uzbekistan and Tajikstan • Babur builds up a strong military and sweeps down all the way to India and lays the foundation of the Mughal Empire • Babur is an excellent general. Leads an army of 12,000 troops and defeats an army of 100,000 • After his death his son, Humayan, loses the territory that he gained

  4. Military Conqueror • Babur’s grandson Akbar comes into power. Rules from 1556-1605 • Akbar recognizes military power as the root of his strength • Akbar equips his army with heavy artillery • Converts rajputs as officers, which turns enemies into allies • This combination allows Akbar to unite a land with 100 million people

  5. Liberal Ruler • He defends religious freedom. He proves his tolerance by marrying two Hindu women, a Christian woman and a Muslim woman. • Abolishes taxes on Hindu pilgrims and tax on non-Muslims • Hindus and Muslims could grow into high office • Akbar gave generous land grants to his beurocrats • When they died, he reclaimed the lands and distributed them as he saw fit – did not encourage hard work by Mughal officials

  6. Culture Rises • Under Akbar, the Mughal Empire welcomed influences from many different cultures • This culture blending affected art, education, politics and language • Hindi was the most widely spoken languge • Urdu develops from a blend of Arabic, Persian, and Hindi

  7. Arts and Literature • Arts flourished through the Mughal Culture through book illustrations called miniatures • Akbarnamah (“Book of Akbar”), story of emperor’s campaign and deeds

  8. Jahangir/Nur Jahan • Akbar’s son Jahangir comes into power • Jahangir wife was the Persian princess NurJahan • Put her father as prime minister of the Mughal Court, and saw their son as her ticket to power. Khusrau (NurJahan son) tries to over throw Jahangir and is then removed from power • Jahangir favored a muslim state in the Mughal Empire and Khusrau favored the Sikhs – nonviolent religious group blended from Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sufism • Guru Arjun defends Khusrau and in response, Guru Arjun is tortured to death

  9. Shah Jahan • Shah Jahan is Jahangir’s son. Could not tolerate competition so he killed all of his possible rivals • Two passions: Beautiful buildings and his wife Mumtaz Mahal • 1631, Mahal dies at 39 while giving birth to their 14th child • To enshrine her memory, orders the Taj Mahal to be built

  10. The People Suffer • Farmers needed tools, roads and ways of irrigating crops • Instead they got taxes and more taxes that supported building monuments, rulers extravagant living and war • Shah Jahan sons fight for the throne when he becomes ill in 1657 • The third son, Aurangzeb moves first and kills his older brother • Then arrests his dad and puts him in prison where he dies years later

  11. Aurangzeb’s Reign • Ruled from 1658 to 1707 and expands the Mughal Empire to its greatest size • Empire weakens due to his oppression of the people • He enforced Islamic laws outlawing drinking and gambling • Brings back taxes on non-muslims and dismisses Hindus from high positions • Hindu rajputs rebel • Sikhs transform themselves into a militant brotherhood

  12. Mughal Empire Declines • Aurangzeb’s reign he drains the empire of its resources • 2 million people died during his reign • Power of local lords grows and the Mughal Empire becomes a group of independent states • Outside traders: Portuguese, Dutch, French, English • Let the English build a fort in Bombay

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