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EGYPT: The Land Of Mysteries

EGYPT: The Land Of Mysteries. Geography of Egypt: Locations. Egypt Luxor Suez Canal Israel Memphis Lake Nasser Saudi Arabia Thebes Aswan Dam Lower Egypt Rosetta Red Sea Upper Egypt *Cairo Nile Nile Delta Alexandria Gulf of Suez Libya Giza Mediterranean Sea Jordan Karnak Rosetta

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EGYPT: The Land Of Mysteries

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  1. EGYPT: The Land Of Mysteries

  2. Geography of Egypt: Locations • Egypt Luxor Suez Canal • Israel Memphis Lake Nasser • Saudi Arabia Thebes Aswan Dam • Lower Egypt Rosetta Red Sea • Upper Egypt *Cairo Nile • Nile Delta Alexandria Gulf of Suez • Libya Giza Mediterranean Sea • Jordan Karnak Rosetta • Sudan Sinai Valley of the Kings

  3. Ancient Egypt • Where is Egypt located? Northeastern Africa along Nile Valley • Why was Egypt called “The Gift of the Nile”? longest river in the world – 4,200 miles It’s banks overflowed hence, making the land fertile Trade • What was the “Nileometer” ? Used to measure the height of the Nile to control flooding

  4. Ancient Egypt Continued • What discovery opened the way for the study of the Egyptian history? Rosetta Stone • What was Rosetta Stone? Is a Basalt Slab inscribed by priest in hieroglyphics 1799 Napoleon troops found it and Jean Champollion translated the stone

  5. Readings: Human Heritage • Delta: • a fan-shaped area of fertile land • Cataracts: • Physical borders- desert, sea, waterfalls • Shadoof- • a machine to lift water from the Nile to the basins

  6. Uniting Upper and Lower Egypt • Who unified Egypt? Narmer • Three Major Periods in Egyptian history 1. Old Kingdom / Age of Pyramid 2. Middle Kingdom / Age of the Nobles 3. New Kingdom / Age of the Empire

  7. Old Kingdom • What are the three seasons in Egypt? 1.Flooding 2.Coming Forth 3.Harvest During the Old Kingdom, Egyptian rulers acquired extensive power.

  8. Theories of building a pyramid • Site • Research • Giza • Blueprint • Imhotep

  9. Theories cont. • Workers are assembled • After the Harvest • Paid: food, clothes • Tools • Site is cleared

  10. Theories: cont. • Stones are made at the quarries and moved to the site • Across the Nile River • Limestone: stone cutters • Stones are placed • Sleds/ rollers

  11. Theories cont. • Capstone is raised • Gold • Start to dismantle the ramps and polish stones • Pyramid is built • 40 stories, 23 years, 2 million stones: Khufu’s

  12. Three theories to building pyramids 1. Single ramp system 2. Wrap around ramp system 3. Combinations of the single and wrap around ramp system

  13. Movie: Pyramids • Who was Osiris? - Reign over King of the dead -Isis was his wife - Killed by Seth • Who was Ma’at? - Harmony in society - Idea of the Universe in perfect harmony • Who was Kafre? - Believed to be Sphinx - Son of Khufu

  14. Pyramid Con. • Who was Khufu? - Pharaoh of Egypt - Great pyramid at Giza built for him - Cartouche - Oval around Pharaohs name • What was ka? - Soul - Spiritual part

  15. Procedures of Mummification • Mummification- process of preserving the body • Natron- dehydrated the body • Canopic Jars- containers for organs • What did they do with the brain? • Resin- preserved the bandages • Sarcophagus- coffins

  16. Old Kingdom Quiz: TERMS • Egypt KA Resin • Nileometer BA Kafre • Narmer Imhotep • Herodotus Pyramid Theory • Rosetta Stone Dynasty • Young Pharaoh • Hieroglyphics Cartouche • Ma’at Mummification • Khufu Natron

  17. Reasons for the decline of the Old Kingdom • 1. Heavy Taxes • 2. People lose loyalty to the Pharaohs • 3. Civil Wars • MIDDLE KINGDOM or AGE OF THE NOBLES • Gov’t officials take over • Pharaohs lose power • The start of the Valley of the Kings • Hyksos invade Egypt

  18. New Kingdom or Age of the Empire • Ahmose, an Egyptian prince defeated the Hyksos and started the New Kingdom. • Hatshepsut • Thutmose III • Amenhotep IV • Tutankhamon • Ramses II

  19. New Kingdom: • Hatshepsut: She built obelisks and a magnificent tomb. She was interested in trade. She was one of the first women rulers in history. She was known as the bearded queen. Egypt grew rich during her reign. • Thutmose III He was referred to as the Napoleon of Egypt. He conquered Palestine, Syria and Phoenicia. He created the largest empire Egypt has ever seen. He was buried at the Valley of the Kings. There is some confusion on the defacing of Hatshepsut’s tombs.

  20. New Kingdom: • Amenhotep IV- He wanted to return all power back to the Pharaoh’s. He fired all temple workers and closed the temples. He changed the religion of Egypt to Monotheism. The worship of Aton. He changes his name to Akhenaton. • Tutankhamon- He became the Pharaoh at the age of 9. He was forced to return Egypt to Polytheism and open the temples. His tomb was discovered by Howard Carter. The dig was paid by Lord Carnarvon. The tomb was discovered in the Valley of the Kings. ( Mummies Curse)

  21. New Kingdom: • Ramses II- He was known for building monuments. He fought against the Hittites. They signed the first written treaty in history. He was the Pharaoh when Moses led the Exodus. He is the best preserved mummy.

  22. Review Sheets • Where is Egypt? – Northeastern Africa • Who called Egypt the “Gift of the Nile”? Why? Herodotus – father of history – one of the first to record history • What are the three Seasons? Flooding, Coming forth, harvest • Nileometer – Use to measure the height of the Nile • Rosetta Stone – Three writing system *Greek *Demonic *Hieroglyphics; Thomas Young; Jean Champollion; Discovered by Napoleon Troops

  23. Narmer- unified upper and lower Egypt • Three Historical periods- Old Kingdom or Age of Pyramid, Middle Kingdom or Age of Nobles, and New Kingdom or Age of Empire • Hieroglyphics- picture writings • Papyrus- paper • Pharaoh- “great house” • Mummification- process of preserving the body • Theories of building the pyramids- 1. single ramp 2. wrap around 3. combination of the two • Valley of the Kings- tombs in Upper Egypt • Hyksos- invaded Egypt using chariots • Ka- soul • Ba- body

  24. Ma’at- harmony in society • What was the purpose of jewelry? Protection • Cartouche- oval around Pharaoh’s name • Hatshepsut- • Thutmose III- • Amenhotep IV- • Tutankhamen- • Ramses II-

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