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Nutrient Management Basics

Nutrient Management Basics. Maria Bendixen UW-Extension Agriculture Agent Taylor and Marathon County. What is Nutrient Management?. Managing the amount, source, placement, form, and timing of the application of nutrients and soil amendments. Purposes of Nutrient Management.

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Nutrient Management Basics

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  1. Nutrient Management Basics Maria Bendixen UW-Extension Agriculture Agent Taylor and Marathon County

  2. What is Nutrient Management? • Managing the amount, source, placement, form, and timing of the application of nutrients and soil amendments

  3. Purposes of Nutrient Management • To budget and supply nutrients for plant production • To properly utilize manure or organic by-products as a plant nutrient source • To minimize agricultural non-point source pollution of surface and ground water resources • To maintain or improve the physical, chemical, and biological condition of soil

  4. Why develop a nutrient management plan? • Increase efficiency of all nutrient sources • Reduce pollution and environmental risk • Increase profit $$$$$ • Optimize nutrient supply for maximum crop yields • Less money spent on unnecessary fertilizers, and time/equipment to apply them

  5. Elements of a Plan • (1) Field Map • (2) Soil Tests • (3) Manure analysis • (4) Crop Sequence • (5) Estimated Yield • (6) Sources and Forms • (7) Sensitive Areas (8) Recommended Rates (9) Recommended Timing (10) Recommended Methods (11) Annual Review and Update

  6. Field Maps • Identify: • Roads • Streams • Wetlands • Residences • # of Acres • Soil Types

  7. Soil Testing • Good consistent samples needed for accurate results. • Testing should be done at the same time each year as nutrients tend to be higher in the spring. • Test one sample for every 5 acres. • Use the W method for sampling.

  8. The W Method • On a five acre grid take samples in the pattern shown. • Each sample should be composed of at least 10 cores.

  9. Where not to Sample • Dead furrows or back furrows • Lime, sludge or manure piles • Animal droppings • Near fences or roads • Rows where fertilizer has been banded • Eroded knolls • Low spots

  10. WI Soil Test Program • 1 or 2 samples per field – none can be eliminated • 3 or 4 samples per field – one can be eliminated • 5 or more samples per field – up to two can be eliminated

  11. Recommended sample intensity for “uniform” non-site-specific fields

  12. Sampling Depth • 6 inch sample = 25 ppm P • 4 inch sample = 30 ppm P • 8 inch sample = 21 ppm P PH levels are also affected at different depths.

  13. Manure Analysis • Sample Manure • Gives you more accurate numbers to use in determining nutrients available to your crops. • Different feeding programs can change manure content greatly.

  14. Legume Credits • Measure hay in the fall • Less than 8 inches of regrowth or more than 8 inches • Red Clover and Bridsfoot Trefoil can be counted at 80% the value of alfalfa. • Quality of the stand • Good (70 to 100% alfalfa, more than 4 plants/ft2 • Fair (30 to 70% alfalfa, 1.5 to 4 plants/ft2 • Poor (0 to 30% alfalfa, less than 1.5 plants/ft2

  15. Conclusions • Nutrient management plans are the smart way to manage nutrients. • Plans can increase profits as well as protect the environment. • Many farms do not have a plan to manage the nutrients produced or applied to their fields. • Costs to develop a plan may be prohibitive for small producers.

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