Hazard , Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis

1. Hazard, Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis George.V.J Deputy Director Disaster Management Institute Bhopal

2. Objective • Describe the nature and behaviour of several hazard types. • Explain the process of hazard assessment at the district level • To understand process of assessing disaster vulnerability • To understand the concept of capacity and various tools that are used to assess the same for district disaster management planning

3. Hazard • Hazard is an event or occurrence that has the potential for causing injuries to life and damaging property and the environment

4. Purpose of Hazard Assessment • The purpose of hazard assessment is to specify the nature and behaviour of the potential hazards and threats people face

5. Major Hazards known from MP Prespective • Earthquakes • Floods • Epidemics • Industrial Hazard • Drought • Hailstorm • Pest Attach • Conflicts

6. Possibility of New Hazards • Climate change • Economic Situation • Industrialization • Social unrest • New forms of Epidemics –AIDS, Bird flue etc.

7. One hazard Causing a secondary Hazard • Floods: epidemics, snake bite. • Drought: Epidemics, famine • Earthquake: Landslides, industrial disasters • Civil war: Refugees, displacement, epidemics

8. Factors to consider in understaning the nature and behaviour of hazards • Origin • Factor/s which create, result in hazard. Can be natural or man-made • Warning signs and signals • Scientific &indigenous indicators that hazard is likely to occur • Forewarning • Time gap between warning signs and the impact of hazard.

9. Factors to consider in understanding the nature and behaviour of hazards • Force: factors that make the power of hazards, e.g. intensity and magnitude of an earthquake. • Speed of onset • Rapidity of arrival and impact • Frequency • Time related patterns of occurrence of hazards

10. Factors to consider in understanding the nature and behaviour of hazards • Seasonality: Occurrence of a hazard in a particular time of the year. • Duration: Hazard’s presence in a time scale.

11. Hazard Matrix

12. Origin or causes of Hazard

13. Some important points to consider in Hazard Assessment • Look at scientific and statistical data • Approach other knowledgeable sources/people • Understand the various intensities of the same hazard.

14. Tools for Hazard Assessment • Hazard Map • Historical profile • Seasonal calendar

15. Vulnerability Assessment • Vulnerability is a set of prevailing or consequential conditions which adversely affect people’s ability to prevent, mitigate, prepare for and respond to hazardous events • Identifying what elements are at risk and why (root causes)

16. Types of vulnerability • Physical/ material • Social/organisational • Attitudinal/motivational • Tools • Social Mapping • Resource Mapping • Gender Analysis • Secondary data.

17. Capacity Assessment • Capacities are strengthens and resources which are present in individuals, households and the community/sub-divisional/ district level which enable them to prevent, mitigate, prepare for cope with or quickly recover from a disaster

18. Categories of capacities • Physical/Material • Cash, land, tools, food, Access to Credit. • Social/ organisational • Social Network, extended family, local and state level welfare institutions • Attitudinal/Motivational • Sense of control, power, capabilities etc.

19. Understanding people’s previous experiences with hazards that enabled them to develop coping strategies. • Analyzing which resources are available and used by the community to reduce risk, who has access to these resources and who controls them. • Through capacity assessment, the community’s coping strategies and resources, which are available for disaster preparedness, mitigation and prevention are identified.

20. Tools for capacity Assessment • Social Mapping • Resource Mapping • Gendered Resource Mapping • Wealth Ranking etc.