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Information Systems Eras

Information Systems Eras. Evolution of Information Systems (Modelling and Tools) Babak Akhgar 1950-2000 (Time Frame). Characteristics of today’s business environment:. globalization global marketplace global competition global work groups global information systems.

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Information Systems Eras

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  1. Information Systems Eras • Evolution of Information Systems • (Modelling and Tools) • Babak Akhgar • 1950-2000 (Time Frame)

  2. Characteristics of today’s business environment: • globalization global marketplace global competition global work groups global information systems

  3. Characteristics of today’s business environment: • transformation of industrial economies knowledge and information-based economies productivity innovation time-based competition shorter product life turbulent environment

  4. Characteristics of today’s business environment: • transformation of the organization flatter decentralized flexible collaborative work and teamwork empowered workforce lower operating costs

  5. Transformation of the Business Enterprise • traditional business firm - hierarchical centralized standard operating procedures for mass production • new style of business firm - flatter decentralized flexible arrangement of generalists and specialists

  6. Transformation of the Business Enterprise • similar to a symphony • consist of knowledge workers college educated members of profession (e.g., engineers, doctors, lawyers, scientists, etc.) jobs consist primarily of creating new information and knowledge IT has evolved to enable and support new form of organization

  7. Different kinds of systems • Organizations and info. systems can be divided into four levels: • operational-level • knowledge-level • management-level • strategic-level

  8. Six Major types of Systems • TPS: Transaction Processing Systems • MRS: Management Reporting Systems • DSS: Decision Support Systems • EIS: Executive information systems • PSS: Professional Support Systems • OIS: Office Information Systems

  9. 1.TPS transaction processing systems operational level perform and record daily routine transactions necessary to conduct the business

  10. 2.MRS Management Reporting Systems Used by managers responsible for specific functions or processes in a firm provide routine summary and exception reports managers use these reports to help control their area of responsibility

  11. 3.DSS decision support systems Designed to support individual and collective decision making often use information from external sources more analytical power than other types of systems

  12. 4.EIS executive information systems strategic level of the organization support long-term, strategic view used by senior executives easy access to summarised company data incorporate external information on industry and economy

  13. 5.PSS Professional Support Systems Support performance of tasks specific to a given profession For example lawyers doing legal research architects designing buildings designers modeling a new automobile student C&P system (cut and paste system) !!

  14. 6.OAS office information systems support and help coordinate knowledge work in an office environment emphasis on increased productivity systems include e-mail, scheduling systems, word processing

  15. People Process Technology Organization Program Scope The Big Picture

  16. Why Model? • Helps users and developers to communicate • Provides traceability from business model through to final system • Central repository for business knowledge • Improve overall system quality • Reduce long term costs • Rapid business and technological change demands flexibility • Large complex systems need to be designed

  17. Model Requirements Business process driven Industry standard Easy to learn and use Pragmatic Integrated Minimalist

  18. Opportunity FrameworkSystem Analysis FrameworkThe Value Chain Firm infrastructure Human resource management Support activities Technology development Procurement Inbound logistics Operations Outbound logistics Marketing and Sales service Margin Source: Porter & Millar Primary activities

  19. Three - level IT Strategy IS Strategy Applications • Division/SBU/function based • Demand oriented • Business focused What? IM Strategy • Organisation based • Relationships oriented • Management focused Wherefore? Management IT Strategy • Activity based • Supply oriented • Technology focused How? Delivery Source: Earl

  20. A Multiple Methodology Business plans and goals IT opportunities Current systems Analytical Evaluative Creative Techniques, processes and environment Top down Bottom up Methodology Surveys and audits Inside out Brightsparks and product champions Teamwork Users and specialists Application strategic plan Source: Earl

  21. Feasibility Analysis Prototype Plan Increment Design & Build Roll Out User Acceptance Delivery Process Outline

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