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Development and Care of Infants

Development and Care of Infants. Birth-12 Months. Physical Development. Growth in size and weight Increased ability to control & coordinate body movements Never in a lifetime will anyone grow as fast as they do during infancy. Patterns of Physical Development. Head to Foot

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Development and Care of Infants

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  1. Development and Care of Infants Birth-12 Months

  2. Physical Development • Growth in size and weight • Increased ability to control & coordinate body movements • Never in a lifetime will anyone grow as fast as they do during infancy

  3. Patterns of Physical Development • Head to Foot Develop control of head and neck muscles first, then control of muscles move down baby and end with control of legs and feet • Near to Far Development begins at trunk and moves outward to hands and feet • Simple to Complex Large muscles develop first, then more fine muscles and complex abilities later

  4. Categories of Growth & Development First Year • Weight Gain is one of the best signs of good health • Most babies lose 10% of birth weight in the first five days of life • Afterward, they gain weight rapidly • Gain 1-2 pounds per month in the first 6 months • Gain about 1 pound a month in the next 6 months • Average weight of one year old is 20-22 lbs

  5. Growth Chart • C:\Users\Jenifer\Desktop\Growth Chart.pdf

  6. Categories, cont’d • Length instead of height because babies are measured while lying down • Average baby is 20 inches at birth • Boys are slightly longer than girls • Average baby at one year is 30 inches long

  7. Body Shape • Hold themselves in a tightly secured position with fists clenched • Skinny arms and legs, large abdomen • Navel cord usually falls off in three weeks • Body straightens out during the first six months

  8. Proportion • Proportion relates to size relationship between different parts of the body • Baby’s head and abdomen are large, and the legs and arms are short and small • Skull has fontanels

  9. Categories, cont’d.

  10. Vision • Improves rapidly during the first year • Is blurry at birth, but within a week or so, infant is aware of surroundings • By one month, infant can focus on objects as far away as 3 feet • By six months, eyesight reaches the sharpness of adult vision

  11. Hearing • Develops before birth • Can tell the direction of sound • Language develops with hearing spoken words

  12. Touch • Baby relies on touch of others to teach them about the environment • Relies on touch for exploration • Touch becomes a more important sense for learning as his/her first year progresses

  13. Smell and Taste • Develop after birth • Within 10 days they can distinguish mother from any other person by smell • Two week old babies can tell the difference between water, sour, sugar, salt, and milk

  14. Voice • Shrill but softens as lungs mature • Change in voice results from physical growth of throat muscles, tongue, lips, teeth, and vocal cords • Change in tongue and in the shape and proportion of the inside of the mouth during first months lead to speech development

  15. Motor Skills* • At birth babies have little control over their muscles • Gross motor skills involve using large muscles (arms and legs) • Fine motor skills involve using small muscles (hands and fingers) • Milestones of gross and fine motor skills occur

  16. Reflexes • At birth, babies have an automatic set of reflexes to help them survive • GRASP: Makes a fist over object placed in hand • ROOTING: When cheek is stroked, baby turns toward the side stroked with open mouth • STARTLE: When baby’s position changes quickly or a loud noise occurs baby throws head back, arms out, and arches back

  17. Reflexes (cont’d) • BABINSKI: Baby’s foot is stroked and toes fan out, foot twists inward • SUCKING: when something put in baby’s mouth

  18. Influences on Physical Development • Heredity-provides a unique combination of genes from parents • Good nutrition, essential nutrients, key to lifelong health • Staying healthy closely related to eating well and having energy to be active • Experience is important key to development • A stimulating environment (variety of things to see, smell, hear, taste, and touch) enhance development

  19. Infant Physical Care • Handling-head and neck support • Feeding- • Breast vs bottle • Burping (every 2-3 ounces, or when switch sides) • Introducing solid foods (4-6 months) http://www.webmd.com/favicon.ico • Food • Teeth-teething and care • Bathing-sponge bath and tub bath • Dressing-comfort, climate appropriate

  20. Infant Physical Care (cont’d) • Diapering-disposable and cloth diapers, changing steps • Sleeping-routines and proper position (back) • Medical care-wellness checkups • 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 months

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