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Interventions in Stress Management

Interventions in Stress Management. Chapter 4. What is an intervention?. Intervention – an activity that prevents a stressor/stressors from resulting in negative consequences What might “negative consequences” be?.

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Interventions in Stress Management

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  1. Interventions in Stress Management Chapter 4

  2. What is an intervention?

  3. Intervention – an activity that prevents a stressor/stressors from resulting in negative consequences • What might “negative consequences” be?

  4. The Negative Consequences are the things that result from Selye’s Stage of Exhaustion, which are?

  5. Psychological discomfort • Anxiety • Various types of illness and disease (malnutrition, heart disease, ulcers, etc.) • What might some other negative consequences be?

  6. When is a stressor a stressor?

  7. Cognitive Appraisal • A stressor is only a stressor if it is perceived as such and causes the physiological arousal of a stress response (fight or flight) • The process of perceiving and interpreting a stressor is called Cognitive Appraisal

  8. Example of Cognitive Appraisal • What might be a potential stressor? • Likely response? • Alternative response(s)?

  9. IT IS YOUR DECISION WHETHER OR NOT A LIFE SITUATION IS GOING TO BE STRESSFUL OR NOT!!

  10. Stress Model • Life situation is presented • Perceived as STRESSFUL • Emotional arousal • Physiological arousal • Consequences (mentioned earlier)

  11. ROADBLOCKS! • INTERVENTION involves setting up “roadblocks” within the steps of the stress model

  12. Roadblocks act as FILTERS • Life situation (Roadblock) • Perception/Cognitive Appraisal yields stress (Roadblock) • Emotional arousal (Roadblock) • Physiological arousal (Roadblock) • Consequences (Roadblock)

  13. REMEMBER… • It is not possible, or even desirable, to ELIMINATE all stress. • The goal is stress management through modifying perception (cognitive appraisal) AND the use of “roadblocks” in order to replace DISTRESS with EUSTRESS.

  14. EUSTRESS • Stress yields PERSONAL GROWTH (eustress) Example? • Stress leads to BENEFICIAL/POSITIVE BEHAVIOR (eustress) Example? • Stress encourages PEAK PERFORMANCE (eustress) Example?

  15. TAKING CONTROL AND RESPONSIBILITY • Defensive, Explanations, Excuses, etc. • When we respond in these ways, what are we doing?

  16. ROADBLOCKS (skills and techniques) • My frustration… • Subjectivity and Individualization • Trial and Error • Empowerment and Change

  17. Life Situation Interventions: INTRAPERSONAL Chapter 5

  18. What does “intrapersonal” mean?

  19. ESTABLISHING INTERVENTIONS • First is gaining SELF-AWARENESS regarding our patterns of stress management • Journaling (see pg. 74)

  20. ELIMINATING UNNECESSARY STRESSORS • Through examining our behavior/stress management PATTERNS, we can begin to see what stressors can be EASILY REMOVED. • Examples of something “easily removed”? • What might we need to be aware of regarding…?

  21. NUTRITION • An unbalanced diet can lead to decreased stress management capacities and potentially result in disease (book describes cancer and heart disease)

  22. NUTRITION cont. • Pseudostressors or Sympathomimetics • Examples of pseudostressors? • Balanced Diet (remember…)

  23. Vitamin – Stress Cycle • Stress => Depletion of Vitamins B and C • Depletion of B & C => anxiety, depression, insomnia, muscle weakness, and/or stomach problems • Depletion also => less production of stress-fighting adrenal hormones =>

  24. BODY LESS CAPABLE OF RELIEVING STRESS • What is the point here?

  25. SUGAR • Consumption of sugar=> • Body needs Vitamin B to break down sugar=> • Less stress-fighting adrenal hormones=> • What?

  26. SALT • Consumption of Salt=> • Water Retention=> • Higher Blood Pressure=> • Potentially Less Stress Resistance and Greater Risk of Health Problems

  27. NUTRITION • What is the point?

  28. ELIMINATING UNNECESSARY STRESSORS • Noise can raise blood pressure, increase heart rate, and cause muscle tension (what is white noise?) • Life Events (perception-what about it?; social support; Life-Events Scale on pg. 83-85) • Hassles (everyday-what do we know?; Scale on pg. 90 & 91; identify & eliminate)

  29. DISCUSSION TOPIC (time permitting) • What impact does the media have on our perceptions of weight, nutrition, beauty, etc.?

  30. Finishing Touches • Group Formation and activities on Wed. • Topics chosen on 9/19 • Reminder for Journaling

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