A Divided Nation: The Civil War

1. A Divided Nation: The Civil War

2. What To Expect • Learning Stations Activities • Group Activities • Computer Lab • Cooperative Learning Opportunities • Primary Source Activities • DBQ • PowerPoint with Discussion • Unit Assessment

3. K-W-L The Civil War - TTYN What I Learned About the Civil War What I Know About the Civil War What I Want to Learn About the Civil War

4. The Precursor: Westward Expansion • Sectional Conflict - - Very Real and Very Important • Each section wanted expansion • Each wanted new states to be created in its own image • Senate Balance • Economic Motives • Merchants and Industrialists of Northeast wanted an expanding market • Free states proved to be a much better market for their products

5. The Precursor: Westward Expansion • The Opening of China • Opium Wars • America persuades the Chinese Emperor the same concessions as that of Britain; gave birth to the idea of enormous wealth as a result of trade w/ China • Led to the projecting of a railroad to the Pacific Coast • Each section wanted the RR to bring Chinese trade its way • TTYN: How does Manifest Destiny fit into this equation? • TTYN = Talk to your Neighbor

6. The Wilmot Proviso • “ Neither slavery not involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said country” • – Wilmot Proviso • TTYN: Interpret the following quotes • “…the Wilmot Proviso is an unconstitutional act that would deny Southerners the right to move freely with their property into commonly held American territory.” • - John Calhoun • “…while the Constitution protected slavery in the states where it already existed, we should never knowingly lend ourselves directly or indirectly, to prevent that slavery from dying a natural death – to find new places for it to live in, when it can no longer exist in the old.” • - Abraham Lincoln

7. What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War The Kansas-Nebraska Act • The Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1854 undid the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. • The tension between pro-slavery and free soil factions over slavery in new territories increased • Stephen Douglas' bill left the Kansas territory open to the rule of popular sovereignty.

8. Dred Scott TTYN– The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, did Taney ignore the basic ideas of each? Specifically, “all men are created equal.” He believed that blacks "had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. He was bought and sold and treated as an ordinary article of merchandise and traffic, whenever profit could be made by it."

9. The Election of 1860 • The presidential Election of 1860 brought these conflicts to a head with dramatic consequences. • The Democratic Party split into three groups along regional lines, each vying for control of the party and each holding different ideas about how to deal with slavery in the West. • Three camps lined up against Abraham Lincoln, the nominee of the Republican Party, who advocated that the West be free of slavery entirely.

10. Why Secession? • Southern Economic Interests • Long-range threat to the entire economic and social structure of the South • No. Republicans pushing for a homestead law • Northern Railroad plans • High Tariffs • Sectional balance in the Senate

11. Document 1 • “I consider the central idea pervading this struggle is the necessity that is upon on, of proving that popular government is not an absurdity. We must settle this question now, whether in a free government the minority have the right to break up the government whenever they choose. If we fail it will go far to prove the incapability of the people to govern themselves.” • Abraham Lincoln Document 2 A Southern victory would give courage to the enemies of progress and damp the spirits of its friends all over the civilized world.” John Stuart Mill Document 3 “It is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity. The first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts.” George Washington

12. Causes of the Civil War Causes

13. Nat Turner • Nat Turner leads a rebellion against plantation owners in 1831 and killed 60 people TTYN: Why is a rebellion, which occurred almost thirty years before the Civil War significant?

14. Stonewall Jackson He knew that the Valley was the bread basket for the South. Edinburg produced the most wheat. Jackson only lost in the Kenstown. He didn’t use chairs because he believed that standing was good for you.

15. Ulysses S. Grant • The hero of Vicksburg and Chattanooga • 1864, took command of all the Union Armies • Had Lincoln’s full confidence • Lt. General – not since George Washington • Polar opposite of McClellan “there is no turning back”

16. TTYN: What effect, if any, has the war had on Southern life?

17. Robert E. Lee TTYN: Interpret the following quotes from Robert E. Lee “…I look upon secession as anarchy. If I owned the four millions of slaves in the South I would sacrifice them all to the Union; but how can I draw my sword upon Virginia, my native state?”

18. 2nd Manassas or 2nd Bull Run, VA August 29-30, 1862 The general for the Confederate was Stonewall Jackson. The general for the Yankees was John Pope. The North lost 16,000 soldiers while the South lost only 9,000 The South won the battle.

19. The Turning Point Thinking about our time discussing the Revolutionary War (Remember that??) Which battle during the Revolutionary War is considered the turning point? The Battle of Saratoga The Battle of Gettysburg Every war has a turning point and the Civil War is no different. The Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) is widely considered to be the turning point of the American Civil War

20. The Turning Point The Battle of Gettysburg • Lee would never again attempt an offensive operation of such proportions. Although the war was to continue for two more horrible years, the Confederacy would never recover from the losses of Gettysburg. • “…the most desperate which ever took place in the world. Nothing can picture the horrors of the battlefield around the ruined city of Gettysburg. Each house, church, hovel, and barn is filled with the wounded of both armies. The ground is covered with the dead. • General Abner Doubleday

21. The Issue of Slavery A Slave Advertisement

22. Francis Carpenter

23. The Emancipation Proclamation • Why the delay? • The Peninsula Defeat – made it clear that extraordinary means were necessary to save the Union and Antietam gave Lincoln the opening to deal with slavery • Confederacy use of slaves – dug trenches and built fortifications; cooks and hospital attendants, which freed up the soldiers to fight • Lincoln’s plan – divest the rebels of their slaves – who would be free to join the Union forces and provide the North an advantage

24. The Emancipation Proclamation A Diplomatic Move • Lincoln knew that the Queen and working population were anti-slavery • Introducing the slavery issue would make it impractical for the British Gov’t to come to the aid of the Confederacy • TTYN – Do you believe that Lincoln finally came to his senses regarding slavery or was the Emancipation Proclamation driven by diplomatic purposes?

25. William Seward “the ablest American diplomatist of the century.”

26. Summer of ‘63 • Transformation in the Union war effort – the deployment of black regiments • 180K Black Soldiers – 54th Massachusetts Regiments • “He who fights the battles of America may claim America as his country –and have that claim respected.” • --Frederick Douglas • “The Colored population is the great available and yet un-availed of, force for restoring the Union.” • --Abraham Lincoln

27. One Fine Day • The Homestead Act – promised 160 acres if free public land largely in the West to settlers who agreed to reside on property for five years or more. • The Morrill Act – public lands to states for the establishment of land-grant colleges • Pacific Railroad Act- made the construction of a transcontinental railroad possible • Legal Tender Bill – laid the economic foundation for the Union war effort, which created paper money known as “greenbacks.”

28. 13thAmendment To be examined in greater detail during our Reconstruction Unit Passed by Congress January 31, 1865

29. Killing Lincoln To be examined in greater detail during our Reconstruction Unit On April 14, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated while watching a play at Ford's Theatre in Washington

30. Whig Party

31. C.S.I. Emancipation Proclamation

32. CASE FILE September of 1862, after the Union's victory at Antietam, Lincoln issued a preliminary decree stating that, unless the rebellious states returned to the Union by January 1, freedom would be granted to slaves within those states. Emancipation Proclamation CLASSIFIED

33. Document 2 Frederick Douglas Quote

34. Document 3 Horace Greeley Quote

35. Document 8