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Histo Review #2

Histo Review #2. Blood Epithelia Connective Tissue Musculoskeletal Neural Tissue Cardiovascular Bone Skin Renal. Your Test. 45 ?’s ~13 are slides, ~17 are printed micrographs (EM, LM) 15 are not based on images Coordinate with the person opposite from you 70 min.

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Histo Review #2

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  1. Histo Review #2 • Blood • Epithelia • Connective Tissue • Musculoskeletal • Neural Tissue • Cardiovascular • Bone • Skin • Renal

  2. Your Test • 45 ?’s • ~13 are slides, ~17 are printed micrographs (EM, LM) • 15 are not based on images • Coordinate with the person opposite from you • 70 min. • Check your bulbs and oil.

  3. Blood (4500-10000) c/uL

  4. Lymphocytes • T-cell- Cell-mediated immunity, • Helper-T and Cytotoxic-t • Mature in the Thymus • B-cell – Humoral immunity • Mature in Bone Marrow • Release IgG in extravascular tissue

  5. Granulocytes • PMN • Neutrophil, Multi-Lobed Nucleus, 10-12um • Granules • Specific- Lysozyme, collagenase, etc. Azurophilic- MPO, Defensins • Monocyte • Macrophage precursor • Kidney Bean Nucleus, 10-20 um • Lysosomal Granules • Eosinophil • Bilobed Nucleus, Red Granules w/ crystalline core on EM, 10-12 um • Basophil inhibitor • Histaminase, Aryl Sulfatase • Basophil • Bilobed Nucleus, Blue Granules, 10-12 um • Vasoactive Traits • 1.Bind IgE (don’t produce it! B-cells do) • 2. Secrete histamine and SRS (slow releasing substance of anaphylaxis) • 3. Heparin sulfate is an anti-coagulant

  6. Platelets • 2-5 um, anucleate • 2-400,000/ mL blood • Granules • Alpha- fibrinogen, coag. Factors • Delta- serotonin, ADP, histamine • Know Clotting Cascade • Thromboplastin activates Thrombin • Thrombin activates Fibrin • tPA or pPA activates Plasmin • Plasmin breaks the clot

  7. Erythrocytes • Anucleate, 7.5 um • 4-5 million/ mL blood • Know Hb, Spectrin, Glycophorin C, Band 3 • Basis of Blood Groups • Life Span 120d.

  8. WBC Population Hierarchy More Populous Less Populous • Never (neut.) 54 – 62 % • Let (lympho.) 25 – 33 % • Monkeys (mono.) 3 – 7 % • Eat (eosin.) 1 – 3 % • Bananas (baso.) 0 – 0.75 %

  9. Epithelia Body Surface Coverings

  10. The Junctional Complex(Terminal Bar) • ZO- Zona Occludens- Occludin • Tight junction. Used to exclude particles. • ZA- Zona Adherens- Cadherins, Catenins • Used to hold cells together. Calcium-dependent binding. Fascia Adherens in non-epithelial tissue. • Links the PM to ACTIN • MA- Macula Adherens- Desmosome • Plakogobin, Plakophilin, Desmoplakin, Cadherins • “Spot Welding”- found all over the basolateral membrane. • Connects to INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS • Hemidesmosome- • Cell-ECM connection, integrin-associated.

  11. microvilli Axoneme Basal body CILIA

  12. axonemes tubulin dynein

  13. Cilia Vs. Microvilli • Cilia- • Usually in pseudostratified epithelia in the respiratory tract. Also in oviduct. • Axoneme made of microtubules, dynein. • 9X2 + 2 arrangement in the axoneme. • Transports stuff along the cell surface. • Anchored to the cell with a basal body. (9X3) • Microvilli- • “Brush border” of intestinal epithelial cells. • Actin filaments, grow from the terminal web. • Non-motile, increase the surface area for absorption of food. • Sterocilia are actually long microvilli (testes, inner ear)

  14. Mesothelium- simple squamous

  15. Kidney tubule- simple cuboidal

  16. Mallory stain of Kidney tubule

  17. PAS stain of kidney tubule

  18. Simple columnar epithelium

  19. 1. Nucleus of simple columnar epithelium 2. Brush border of s.c.e. (microvilli) 3. Lymphocyte

  20. Simple columnar with goblet cell

  21. Loose CT (cellular) Goblet Cell Blood Vessel Mallory stain of pseudostratified columnar epi

  22. Cilia Pseudostratified Columnar epi

  23. Pseudostratified ciliated epi- Found in nasal cavity and airways

  24. Transitional: Ureters and Bladder.

  25. Stratified squamous Non-keratinized (mucosa) Loose CT

  26. Stratified squamous keratinized (thin skin) Dense irreg. CT

  27. Thick Skin

  28. Submucosal Gland Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous Epi muscularis

  29. The Basement Membrane • Basement Membrane • PAS Positive, Made of Type IV collagen, Proteoglycans, Laminin, Entactin, Fibronectin,Type VII collagen anchors • All secreted by the epithelial cell, not fibroblasts • Lamina rara- clear area seen in EM. Contains laminin • Lamina densa- dark area, coll IV, proteo, etc.

  30. Laminae

  31. Connective Tissue • “Welds” other tissues together

  32. Embryonic mesenchyme-no fibers

  33. Reticular Tissue

  34. Stellate Reticular Cells/ Processes H/E stain

  35. Loose Areolar (Irreg.) CT tubules

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