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Classical India

Classical India. Chapter 3. Geography (N). Not isolated like China (contact with the Middle east and Mediterranean) Invasion Mountains in the North Indus and Ganges River Valleys Monsoons Double crops. Preclassical. Aryan invasion Caste system takes shape

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Classical India

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  1. Classical India Chapter 3

  2. Geography (N) • Not isolated like China (contact with the Middle east and Mediterranean) • Invasion • Mountains in the North • Indus and Ganges River Valleys • Monsoons • Double crops

  3. Preclassical • Aryan invasion • Caste system takes shape • Relations between Aryans and local • Political structure • Village chiefs, patriarchal • Sanskrit • Mahahharata and Ramayana(epic poems) • Mythical battles

  4. Early Caste • Kshatriyas-warrior/governing • Brahmans-Priestly • Vaisyas-traders and farmers • Sudras-common labor • Untouchables-dirty work

  5. Patterns • Not dynastic rise and fall like China, or even the regionalism seen in Greece • Irregular rhythm • Mauryan rise (post Alex the Great) • Persian traditions, large armies, bureaucracy • Ashoka • Conquest and Buddhism

  6. Patterns Cont • Guptas • Negotiations and intermarriage with local ruling princes and families • No great individual leaders

  7. Politics • Regionalism • Autocratic kings and aristocratic influence • Shaky centralization and control • Hinduism • High taxes • Gupta Reps and local leadership

  8. Politics con’t • No Unified language (Sanskrit) or unified law code • Building projects, universities • Indian religions do not promote politics

  9. The Caste • Promotes social and cultural values • Promote following caste duties • No need for detailed political institutions because the Caste provided it • Specific rules and regulations to what caste you were born into

  10. Religion and Culture • Driving force behind Indian social life • Hinduism-dharma • No Central figures, no central teaching (or text), ideas rise out of competition with other religions (Buddhism and Islam) • Adaptable to different groups • Tolerant of other religions • Contemplation of the divine spirit • Honorable actions

  11. Hinduism • Mystical contact • Gurus-direct contact with the divine soul • Reincarnation • Cycles and moving up and down • Polytheistic • Vishnu-the preserver • Shiva the destroyer • Yoga • Artworks under Guptas

  12. Vishnu

  13. Shiva

  14. Buddhism • Siddartha Guatama (Buddha-Enlightened one) • Accepts parts of Hinduism (reincarnation) • Rejects the Caste • Worldly pursuits=decay • Nirvana (nothingness) • “Let a man overcome evil by good, let him overcome the greedy by liberalness, the liar with the truth”

  15. Buddhism Con’t • First Major World religion (that we have dealt with) • Missionaries • Brahaman opposition • Ashoka and the Guptas • Stupas

  16. Other Pursuits • Diverse populations • Indian writers=deal with various aspects of life • Epic poems dealing life (Hindu imaginations)-Lots of Romantic adventures • Sinbad the sailor, Jack the Giant Killer, and Seven League Boots • Kamasutra

  17. Sinbad the Sailor

  18. Math and Science • Solar year and math measurements • Earth’s rotation and axis (Flat?), eclipses, theory of gravity, telescope • Medicine-plastic surgery and bone setting • Arabic numbers (zero) • Negative numbers, Pi

  19. Economy • Agriculturally based • Hierarchies-In society and home life • Patriarchal • Expansion of internal and external trade • Contact with Middle East and China • Tamils-silks, dyes, drugs, fold, and Ivory • Chemistry advances and steel

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