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Ajay K. Singh and Amalendu Sinha

Co 2 Storage Potential in Unmineable Coal Seams in India. Speaker Ajay K. Singh. Ajay K. Singh and Amalendu Sinha. Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Erstwhile Central Mining Research Institute) Barwa Road, Dhanbad – 826 001. CO 2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations.

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Ajay K. Singh and Amalendu Sinha

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  1. Co2 Storage Potential in Unmineable Coal Seams in India Speaker Ajay K. Singh Ajay K. Singh and Amalendu Sinha Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (Erstwhile Central Mining Research Institute) Barwa Road, Dhanbad – 826 001 ajayabha@yahoo.com

  2. CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations • One of the options for mitigating the GHG effect is to sequester CO2 in geologic formations. • The geologic formations are i. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs ii. Use of CO2 in EOR. iii. Deep unmineable coal seams iv. Use of CO2 in enhanced CBM recovery v. Deep saline water-saturated reservoir rocks vi. Other suggested options (basalts, oil shales, cavities) ajayabha@yahoo.com

  3. Coal - a porous rock ajayabha@yahoo.com

  4. Methane adsorption ajayabha@yahoo.com

  5. Carbon dioxide adsorption ajayabha@yahoo.com

  6. Gas sorption in coal ajayabha@yahoo.com

  7. Reservoir simulation ajayabha@yahoo.com

  8. Coal and Lignite Deposits in India • Gondwana - Nearly 99.7 per cent bituminous to subbituminous coal of India is available in the Lower Gondwana in the eastern region of India located in West Bengal, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra provinces. • Tertiary - Tamilnadu, Kerala, Gujarat and Himalayan foot hills from Pir Panjal of Jammu and Kashmir to Abor Hills and Kuen Bhum range of Arunanchal Pradesh. Deep seated lignite in region of Kalol of Cambay basin, Gujarat and Barmer–Sanchor basin in Rajasthan. ajayabha@yahoo.com

  9. Geological Resources of coal as on 1.1.2007 in India (By GSI) ajayabha@yahoo.com

  10. Potential Coalbeds for CO2 Storage in India • The potential sites for CO2 storage in coalbeds of Indian basins have been identified with due consideration of accepted exploration norms, depth wise resource distribution quality wise abundance and mining status of coal. Identified candidates for CO2 storage in India. ajayabha@yahoo.com

  11. Comparative Adsorption of CO2 and Methane • Studies conducted so far supports stronger affinity of CO2 to the coal molecule. • 2 to 3 molecules of CO2 may displace one molecule of methane • It means carbon dioxide is preferentially adsorbed onto the coal structure over methane (2:1 ratio). • Methane sorption capacity for Indian coals has been investigated by CIMFR. • Understanding controls on CO2 and CH4 adsorption in coals is important for the modeling of both CO2 sequestration and CBM production. ajayabha@yahoo.com

  12. Methane and CO2 Adsorption Isotherm ajayabha@yahoo.com

  13. Proximate analysis and rank of Unmineable and Grey area coalbeds. Properties of Potential Coalbeds ajayabha@yahoo.com *mmf - Mineral matter free basis

  14. Properties of Potential Coalbeds Proximate analysis and rank of Concealed coalbeds. *mmf - Mineral matter free basis ajayabha@yahoo.com

  15. Unmineable Coalbeds in explored areas • In depth coal resource analysis of Indian territory as per quality, depth wise distribution and status of exploration has supported in identification of suitable sites for CO2 sequestration. • The resources reported by GSI and other agencies have been classed as mineable and unmineable on the basis of the following factors. - Exploration limit of coal has been to 1200m depth cover. - Coking and superior grade non coking up to the explored limit has been classed as mineable. - Inferior grade non coking coal (Grade E-G) upto 900m depth cover in Damodar and Mahanadi Valleys have been taken as within mineable limit. - Mineable limit for inferior grade non coking coal of Godavari and Wardha Valleys have been taken as 800m due to premium pricing structure. ajayabha@yahoo.com

  16. Unmineable coal and CO2 storage capacity ajayabha@yahoo.com

  17. Grey Area Coalbeds • The extension of coal beds below 1200m depth cover in coking and superior grade non coking coal have not been explored even though the continuity of the coal beds was well indicated within the lineament. The coal beds of such zones beyond mineable limit have been classed as Grey Area reserve. • These reserves in case of East Bokaro, South Karanpura, Jharia and Raniganj and Sohagpur are below 1200m depth cover while in case of inferior grade non coking the limit is 600m for Son Mahanadi Valley and 800m for Wardha Godavari Valley coal fields. ajayabha@yahoo.com

  18. Grey Area Coalbeds Grey Area coal reserve and CO2 storage capacity ajayabha@yahoo.com

  19. Concealed Area Coalbeds • The coal beds not covered in resource estimation exercise because of the basalt trap or thick alluvium beds have been classed as concealed coalbeds. • Invariably such beds come under chance discovery during oil and natural gas exploration or drilling for some special missions. • The bottom most coal bearing Barakar formation in such operations has been located within 300m to 3km depth cover over Nagaland to Cambay Basin Gujarat. Concealed Gondwana Sediments in Gangetic Plain ajayabha@yahoo.com Barmer-Sanchor basin

  20. Continued….. Concealed area coal reserve and CO2 storage capacity ajayabha@yahoo.com

  21. Quantity of CO2 Storage in Indian Coalbeds CO2 storage capacity in Indian Coalfields ajayabha@yahoo.com

  22. CO2 point Sources and Compatibility of Unmineable Coalbeds • The identified sites are estimated to have 4459 Mt CO2 storage potential, sufficient to store over 20% of total gas emission from the present power plants over their life time. • The sites close to the operating thermal power units may be the most appropriate for CO2 sequestration as the transportation cost of the gas will be minimum and the pollution level of CO2 is alarming (Bradshaw, 2002 and 2003). • The rate of CO2 generation and total CO2, generated within the life span of a thermal power station; presuming 20 years more from the date. • The sites with storage capacity below 12Mt have been ignored because of their insignificant size. ajayabha@yahoo.com

  23. Continued….. CO2 storage capacity and point source gas generation in close vicinity ajayabha@yahoo.com

  24. Conclusion • CO2 sequestration potential in Indian coalbeds is estimated to be 4459 Mt. • Indian coalbed are classified into grey, concealed and unmineable based on its depth of occurrence and grade characteristics. • The storage potential howsoever small may help in minimizing the GHG pollution level. • Storage of CO2 in coal seams may have an added advantage of enhanced CBM recovery. ajayabha@yahoo.com

  25. Thank You For Your Kind Attention ajayabha@yahoo.com

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