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Ecosystems

Ecosystems. What is a Ecosystem?. An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between all living ( biotic factors ) and non-living things ( Abiotic factors ) in an area. An ecosystem may include many communities with different populations. What is a Population?.

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Ecosystems

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  1. Ecosystems

  2. What is a Ecosystem? • An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between all living (biotic factors) and non-living things (Abiotic factors) in an area. • An ecosystem may include many communities with different populations.

  3. What is a Population? • A population is one species living in a specific area. • For example, all foxes living in an area form a population. • Another example, all dandelions growing in an area form another population.

  4. What is a Community? • A community is formed from all living populations found in an area. • All the foxes, dandelions, grasshoppers, snakes, hawks, deer, and skunks living in one area each form their individual populations, but together make up a community.

  5. What is Ecology? • Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their environment.

  6. Non-living parts of your community (Abiotic) • Buildings • Roads • Bodies of water • Land • Wind • Sunlight

  7. Abiotic factors affect distribution of species •                         Abiotic factors of interest include: • - Temperature (range from 0 to 45 C) • - Water • - Sunlight • - Wind (increases heat & water loss) • Rocks and soil • Amount of oxygen in the water

  8. Biome • Is a collection of ecosystems that are similar or related to one another. • Usually in the type of plants they support. The following are Canadian Biomes: • Tundra Biome • Boreal Forest Biome • Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome • Grassland Biome

  9. Aquatic and terrestrial biomes (Biome = major ecosystem type)

  10.  A.  Aquatic biomes cover about 75% of the earth’s surface                         - Wetlands                         - Lakes                         - Rivers, streams                         - Oceanic pelagic biome                         - Coral reefs 

  11. B.  Terrestrial biomes                         - Tropical forest                         - Savanna                         - Desert                         - Chaparral                         - Temperate grassland                         - Temperate deciduous forest                         - Coniferous forest                         - Tundra

  12. Tropical Forest: Vertical stratification with trees in canopy blocking light to bottom strata. Many trees covered by epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants).

  13. Desert: Sparse rainfall (< 30 cm per year), plants and animals adapted for water storage and conservation. Can be either very, very hot, or very cold (e.g. Antarctica)

  14. Temperate Grassland: Marked by seasonal drought and fires, and grazing by large animals. Rich habitat for agriculture.

  15. Temperate Deciduous Forest: Mid-latitudes with moderate amounts of moisture, distinct vertical strata: trees, under story shrubs, herbaceous sub-stratum. Loss of leaves in cold, many animals hibernate or migrate then. Original forests lost from North America by logging and clearing.

  16. Coniferous forest: Largest terrestrial biome on earth, old growth forests rapidly disappearing, usually receives lots of moisture as rain or snow.

  17. Tundra: Permafrost (Permanent frozen ground), bitter cold, high winds and thus no trees. Has 20% of land surface on earth.

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