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Bell Ringer #10 (2/22 & 2/25). Which nations were a part of the Axis powers in 1939? List the five Allied powers toward the end of WWII? What was the main goal of Hitler signing the Non-Aggression Pact?. Theaters of War. Pacific (China, SE Asia, Japan, Pacific) Europe (W., E., S., Fronts)
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Bell Ringer #10 (2/22 & 2/25) • Which nations were a part of the Axis powers in 1939? • List the five Allied powers toward the end of WWII? • What was the main goal of Hitler signing the Non-Aggression Pact?
Theaters of War • Pacific (China, SE Asia, Japan, Pacific) • Europe (W., E., S., Fronts) • North Africa
Civilian Life During WWII • Cities become bombing targets (ex. London) • Democratic govts. increase power by ordering factories to produce war materials • Dem. govts. limited rights of individuals by forcing people into interment camps • Japanese in the U.S. • Germans in Britain • Women worked in factories and served in the military for the first time
#1 Pearl Harbor: US Enters War • 1935: FDR declared neutrality for U.S. • Neutrality Acts • 1941: FDR signs Lend Lease Bill: provides materials/weapons to Allied powers • 1941: Atlantic Charter: Stated ideal goals of war • U.S. bans sale of war materials to Japan to stop Japanese aggression
#1 Pearl Harbor: US Enters War • Japan is angered by ban & launches a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor • 2,400 Americans killed • Ships/planes destroyed • Franklin Roosevelt asks congress to declare war on Japan • US Enters War in 1941 • “A Day of Infamy”
#2: Battle of Stalingrad(1942-1943) • Germans try to take city of Stalingrad, Russia • Forced into a freezing winter surrender • Broke German army - lost 20 Generals, 100,000 men, large portion of supplies and equipment • Army never recovers from the loss • First major loss of German Army on the Eastern Front • Symbolic turning point – Soviets believe in selves
#3: Battle of El Alamein (1942) • Allied troops defeated Germans in North Africa • Stopped the charge of Germany throughout the continent • Importance: Pushes German’s out of North Africa & gives Allies control of the Mediterranean Sea and a place to launch an attack on the European continent (Italy)*
#4: Battle of Midway(1942) • Most important naval battle on Pacific front • Yamamoto’s plan was to lure U.S. aircraft carriers into a trap & obtain Midway island • Americans crack codes & determine date/location of attack • U.S. sets up own ambush in response • U.S. defeats Imperial Navy
#5: Invasion of Italy (1943) • Allies invaded from N. Africa • Weakened Hitler by forcing to fight on another war front • Victory in North Africa allowed Allies to land in Italy which forced Hitler to send troops • Lead to weakening the German strong hold on Western Europe
#6: Invasion of Normandy (1944) • Also known as “D-Day” • Allied troops ferried across English Channel • Allies invade 5 beaches in Normandy • Largest amphibious invasion in history • Broke through German defense toward Paris • Free France from German control • Allies then able to move from France into Germany