Starter Question

1. Starter Question • Answer the following questions based on the solubility diagram. • In general how does temperature affect solubility? • Which compound shows the least change in solubility from 0oC to 100oC? • At 30o, 90g of NaNO3 is dissolved in 100g of water. Is this solution saturated or unsaturated?

2. Exit Ticket • Answer the following questions based on the solubility curve in your notes. • Which salt is least soluble at 20oC? • How many grams of potassium chloride can be dissolved in 200g of water at 80oC? • At 40oC how much potassium nitrate can be dissolved in 300g of water? • A saturated solution on potassium chlorate is formed from 100g of water. If the saturated solution is cooled from 80oC to 50oC, how many grams of precipitate are formed? • What compound shows a decrease is solubility from 0oC to 100oC?

4. Reaction Rate What factors could affect reaction rate? Particle size temperature concentration Catalyst

5. Collision Theory Collision theory is used to explain whether or not a reaction will occur and how fast the reaction will occur. When a reaction occurs, the reactant particles must collide with each other for a product to be formed For a successful collision to occur the following conditions must be met: • The particles must have the correct orientation • They must collide with enough energy

6. When reactant particles collide with the correct orientation and the correct energy a substance called ‘the activated complex’ is formed. An activated complex is a temporary, unstable arrangement of atoms. This is a diagram showing the energy of a system as the reaction progresses Since the reactants have more energy than the products, energy is lost during the course of this reaction

7. Reaction Rate and Concentration Calcium carbonate with 3M HCl Calcium carbonate with 1M HCl As concentration increases there are more particles available to react so reaction rate increases

8. Reaction Rate and Temperature Calcium carbonate with 1M HCl at 25oC Calcium carbonate with 1M HCl at 75oC As temperature increases the reactant particles move at greater speeds. This means that there is a greater chance of an successful collision

9. Reaction Rate and Particle Size Calcium carbonate lumps with 1M HCl Calcium carbonate powder with 1M HCl As particle size decreases there is an increase in surface area so there is a larger area for a reaction to occur on so reaction rate increases

10. Today’s Tasks • Find the definitions for the following words • Temperature, Concentration, Particle Size, Catalyst, Enzyme, Activation energy, Activated Complex • Complete notes on Reaction Rates. • Answer questions on worksheet

11. A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter Temperature A quantitative measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution Concentration How big the particles in a reaction are Particle Size A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy, but is not itself consumed during the reaction Catalyst A biological catalyst Enzyme

12. Activation energy The minimum amount of energy required by reacting particles in order to form the activated complex and lead to a reaction Activated Complex A short- lived, unstable arrangement of atoms that may break apart and re-form the reactants or may form products; also sometimes referred to as the transition state