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Pharos university Faculty of Allied Medical SCIENCE Medical Terminology MLMT-201

Pharos university Faculty of Allied Medical SCIENCE Medical Terminology MLMT-201. Dr . Tarek El Sewedy Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences. Lecture 4 Combining forms. Intended Learning Outcomes. By the end of this lecture, students will learn:

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Pharos university Faculty of Allied Medical SCIENCE Medical Terminology MLMT-201

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  1. Pharos universityFaculty of Allied Medical SCIENCEMedical TerminologyMLMT-201 Dr. Tarek El Sewedy Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences

  2. Lecture 4Combining forms

  3. Intended Learning Outcomes • By the end of this lecture, students will learn: • Basic common combining forms

  4. Lecture content • 1- Combining forms.

  5. Review • Word parts that make up medical terminology are prefixes, suffixes and roots. • The most typical sequence is prefix, root, suffix, with the word root being central but this is not always the case. • Some medical terms contain a combining vowel (O)after the root and this is called combining form. • Some terms contain two or more roots and therefore called compound word (ex. osteoarthritis )

  6. Combining form • It is a root with an added “combining vowel”which connects the root with the suffix or with another root . • Root + ( o , i , e ) + suffix = Combining form • Root + ( o , i , e ) + root = Combining form • The most common combining vowel is “ o “

  7. Each element is essential to understand the meaning of the medical term Prefix Root Combining Vowel Suffix or root REVIEW Combining form

  8. Rules for using the combining vowels • 1 . To join a rootto another root. • Example : • Oste+ arthr+ itis= osteoarthritis (root)+(root) +( suffix ) Bone+ joint+ inflammation

  9. Rules for using the combining vowels • 2 . to connect a root with a suffix that begins with a consonant. Ex : Cardi+ megaly= cardiomegaly (root)+ (suffix) Heart+ enlargement • 3 . combining vowel is not used when suffix begins with a vowel. Ex : Hyster+ ectomy = hysterectomy ( root)+ ( suffix ) Uterus + excision

  10. Rules for the combining vowels • 4 . if a root ends in a vowel and the suffix starts with the same vowel , the second vowel is dropped . Ex : Cardi + itis = carditis (root)+ (suffix) Heart + inflammation • 5 . when a prefix ends in a vowel and the root starts with another vowel the vowel from the prefix is dropped . Ex : Para+ enter + al = parenteral (prefix)+ ( root )+ ( suffix ) Beyond + intestine + connected with

  11. How to read medical terms Start with the suffix… • When you analyze a medical term, begin at the endof the word. The ending is called a suffix. • The suffix in HEMATOLOGY is –LOGY, which means “study of ”.

  12. Cont ……………. Next, read the beginning of the word.. • Now look at the beginning of the term. HEMAT is the word root. • The root gives the essential meaning of the term. • The root HEMAT-means “blood.”

  13. Combining vowel (s)… • The third part of this term, which is the letter O, has no meaning of its own but is an important connector between the root (HEMAT) and the suffix (LOGY). • The O is the ??.

  14. Start at the end of the word and work to the left Prefix Root Combining Vowel Suffix

  15. Examples of combining vowels • 1 . cardi= heart Pathy= disease Cardiopathy= disease of the heart • 2 . psych = mind Logy = study of Psychology= study of the mind

  16. Exercise Nephroangiosclerosis

  17. REVIEW • Root: gives the essential meaning of the term • Suffix: is the word ending • Prefix: is a small part added to the beginning of a term • Combining vowel: connects roots to suffixes and roots to other roots • Combining form: is the combination of the root and combining vowel

  18. Students selected for assignments

  19. Assignments • Students on next slide are requested to prepare a presentation (minimum of 7 slides) on any the following topics: • Respiratory system terminology (including disease) • Circulatory system terminology (including disease) • Cancer terminology • Digestive system Terminology • Combining forms and vowels Assignments should be delivered by next week

  20. Study questions • Give 2 examples of words with: • One root and one suffix • Two roots and one suffix • One prefix and one root

  21. Reference books 1 – Medical Terminology an illustrated Guide by Barbara Jonson Cohen 2003  2 – “Medical Terminology Simplified” F. A David 2009 3 – “Medical Terminology system : Approach Fifth Edition” Barbara A Gylys 2004

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