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Imperialism in China

Imperialism in China. Interpret the political cartoon. 1. Who is involved? 2. What are they doing? 3. How does the cartoon make them appear?. Important Terms. unfavorable balance of trade : importing more than exporting

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Imperialism in China

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  1. Imperialism in China Interpret the political cartoon. 1. Who is involved? 2. What are they doing? 3. How does the cartoon make them appear?

  2. Important Terms • unfavorable balance of trade: importing more than exporting • example: Great Britain imported more tea, spices, silk & porcelain from China than they exported cotton & textiles to China…so Great Britain had to pay the rest of their bill in silver & gold • extraterritoriality: foreigners do not have to follow the laws of the country in which they live…if get in trouble, they are sent to their home country for trial • example: a British person living in China would not be tried in China for stealing…instead, they were sent back to be tried in British courts • sphere of influences: areas where imperialist countries had exclusive trading rights • example: Great Britain in Shanghai, Nanjing & Hong Kong • Open Door Policy: all countries had equal access to trade in China • example: all states have the same opportunities in Shanghai & Nanjing • struggle between Westernization & modernization: struggle to keep traditional cultures, beliefs & worldviews…yet also, move forward industrially, in order, to be able to compete with imperialistic states

  3. Spheres of Influence

  4. 1898 Emperor Guang Xu -100 Days of Reform -Western style schools, banks, etc. -Empress Dowager CiXi opposed -CiXi gained control & took Guang Xu captive rapid population growth famine, corruption & economic troubles 1839-42Opium War -ended with Treaty of Nanjing -China opened 5 more ports for trade with GB, paid costs of war, gave Hong Kong to GB & agreed to extraterritoriality 1870s rise of Warlords -weakened Qing begins -policy of “self strengthening” -keeping Confucian values -but adopting Western technology 1908 Guang Xu died -CiXi died next day -Qing dynasty fell apart 1860 GB & Fr. seized Beijing -Treaty of Tianjin -legal opium trade -China opened more ports for trade after Rev. of 1911, China in chaos -Sun Yat-sen fled to Japan 1894 Sino-Japanese War -Korea & Taiwan to Japan 1850-64 Tai Ping Rebellion -peasant revolt led by Hong Xi -believed himself to be younger brother of Jesus & he had God- given vision to destroy Qing Dynasty -social reforms like land to peasants & women equal to men -Europeans sided with Qing & defeated rebellion -very bloody: over 20 million died European states creating Spheres of Influence -Tibet gained freedom b/c Russia & GB fighting over controlling it 1911 Revolution Sun Yat-sen setup Nationalist Party 3 main ideas: 1) military take over 2) transitional phase to prepare people for democracy 3) constitutional democracy 1915 1835 1875 1899 John Hay (USA) Open Door Policy 1900 Boxer Rebellion “Society of Harmonious Fist” hated foreigners & Chinese converts to Christianity (sell-outs) -defeated by combined foreign armies -CiXi finally gave in to appearance of reforms (elections set for 1910)

  5. Opium Wars

  6. Taiping Rebellion

  7. Open Door Policy

  8. Boxer Rebellion

  9. Sun Yat-sen & Revolution of 1911

  10. Imperialism in Japan

  11. 1863 alliance of Samurai forced government to end relations with the West 1870s-80s battle for political control between liberals (parliament holds supreme power) & progressives (power shared by emperor & parliament) 1835-36 Commodore Matthew C. Perry came with warships to open Japan to Western trade 1871 new military 1868 Meiji Restoration Mutsuhito (new ruler) wanted to modernize Japan to compete in world trade & politics…sent delegations to study Great Britain, United States, France & Germany -moved capital to Tokyo (Edo) Japanese Society: community hierarchy 3 obedience: -child to father -wife to husband -widow to son 1835 1875 -women allowed to work outside home -Western music, art & fashion

  12. 1880s-90s tensions with China & Russia over Korea 1890 Meiji Constitution -based on Imperial Germany -chief executive holds power -Emperor figure, but Prime Minister had the real power…democratic government in form, authoritarian in practice…with only male voters 1910 Japan annexed Korea 1889 Tokyo School of Fine Arts: merge Japanese & Western art 1915 Economic reform: -peasants given land, but paid taxes -if could not pay taxes, land was sold -by 1900, 40% tenant farmers -government subsidies to needy industries -improved transportation & communication -new educational system: built around American educational system, with loyalties to Emperor Goal: wealthy country & strong state 1875 1904 Russo-Japanese War Japan defeated Russia, in a war that showed Japan as true world power, not just in Asia growing distrust between Japan & USA

  13. Japan & China: Venn Diagram China Both Japan

  14. HOMEWORK: Imperialism in Asia • Title of visual:Imperialism in China & Japan • Create a visual showing the major events & the parties involved with the imperialism of China OR Japan.

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