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Thermal Mass Flow Meters

Thermal Mass Flow Meters. Market and applications. Geographic Sales. 12%. 23%. 34%. 10%. 6%. 3%. 10%. 3%. Competition. Competition. Industry. Applications. Pipe Size. TYPE. Location. Technology. Sage Metering Sales Representative Sales. Applications. Green House Gases

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Thermal Mass Flow Meters

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  1. Thermal Mass Flow Meters Market and applications

  2. Geographic Sales 12% 23% 34% 10% 6% 3% 10% 3%

  3. Competition

  4. Competition

  5. Industry

  6. Applications

  7. Pipe Size

  8. TYPE Location Technology

  9. Sage Metering SalesRepresentative Sales

  10. Applications Green House Gases Natural Gas Combustion Air Compressed Air Flare Digester gas/Bio gas/Landfill gas

  11. Green House Gases • 40 CFR 98 • Mandatory reporting of Green House Gas Emissions • CO2, CH4, N2O • Subpart C – Stationary Combustion sources • Other subparts are Industry specific • Natural Gas Industry • Landfill operations • Chemical Plants • Refineries • More • Carbon Credits

  12. Natural Gas Flows • Boilers/Combustion Process • Reporting GHG (EPA requirements) • Reporting Emissions (Local requirements) • Combustion efficiency • Typical Conditions • 2 – 3 inch pipe • Temperatures 60 – 80F • Pressures max 5 psig • Flow rates: • 2” = 10,000 SCFH • 3” = 20,000 SCFH (6,000 SFPM) • Burner Size • 20 MM BTU/hr

  13. Natural Gas Flow • Sub-metering • Internal cost allocation within a facility • Typical Conditions: • Pipe Size 6” • Pressure – 20 psi • Flow rate = 250,000 SCFH (20,000 SFPM)

  14. Natural Gas Flow • “Check” meter • Gas Company distribution center • Repeatable, relative flow measurements • Check relative time of day flow in different distribution sections • Typical operating Conditions • 18” pipe • 80 – 100 psig • Flow Rate 65,000 SCFM (40,000 SFPM)

  15. Natural Gas Flow • Avoid • Transmission Lines • Pressure too high = 500 to 2,000 psi • Custody Transfer • Not AGA approved • Provide entire meter run

  16. ISO 50001 Energy Management Systems • Reduce Energy Usage • Continually review and monitor energy usage • Goal of improve energy performance • Program supported by US Department of Energy (DOE) Opportunities for Sage: • Improvement in combustion efficiency • Natural gas • Compressed air measurement to reduce leakage

  17. Stoichiometric Combustion Theoretical combustion of all the fuel when mixed with the correct amount of air Fuel + air = Heat + CO2 + H2O + CO + Unburned Fuel + Waste Heat up stack Does not occur in reality – some excess air is needed Control Air Fuel Ratios • Ratio based on the mass of fuel compared to the mass of air Increases as Combustion Air Decreases Increases as Combustion Air Decreases

  18. Stoichiometric Combustion • Optimum ratio of combustion air to fuel flow • Does not exist • Some excess air is required • Want to minimize excess air • Amount of excess air dependent on boiler load • Proper Air to fuel control requires mass flow measurement of air and fuel flow rates.

  19. Combustion Air • DP flow measurement typically used • Flow element: • Averaging pitot tube • Pressure drop around an obstruction in the duct • Venturi

  20. DP - Combustion Air Flow • Limitations: • Require pressure and temperature compensation to get mass flow • Loss of signal at low flow rates • Typical velocity in duct gives 1” w.g. pressure drop. • Square root relationship between flow and signal • Limits turndown • Advantages: • “Sample” multiple points or “entire” flow

  21. Thermal – Combustion Air Flow • Advantages: • Measures mass flow without pressure or temperature compensation • Desired for combustion air to fuel ratio • Excellent low flow sensitivity • High turndown capabilities • Disadvantages: • Single point measurement • How representative is flow measurement • Multi point averaging arrays • Accuracy limitations due to straight run/flow profile • However, repeatability is required

  22. Combustion Air - Conclusion Suitable for “small” ducts Not suitable for “large” ducts

  23. Compressed Air • DOE estimates 30% compressed air produced is lost due to leakage • ¼” leak at 100 psi = 100 CFM • $8,000 - $20,000 per year • Cost Allocation • Compressor efficiency

  24. Flare/Vent Varying gas composition • Natural Gas • Tank venting (Gas Production) • Process Operations (CPI/HPI) • Refineries • 40 CFR part 60, subpart Ja (modified August 2012) • Emissions on non-emergency flares

  25. Sage Selling Points • Compact enclosure • Prime - Smaller enclosure than other suppliers • Insitu calibration verification • Calibration on actual gas • Ability to provide adjustment factors for varying gas composition • Competitive calibration prices • Good delivery • Flow conditioner • Great organization – good people to work with

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