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POLARITY & VSEPR SHAPES

POLARITY & VSEPR SHAPES. Ionic: exchange of e- btn 2 atoms Covalent: equal sharing of e- btn 2 atoms Polar Covalent: unequal sharing of e- btn 2 atoms. How can we check for polarity?. Check difference in electronegativity btn the 2 atoms

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POLARITY & VSEPR SHAPES

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  1. POLARITY & VSEPR SHAPES

  2. Ionic: exchange of e- btn 2 atoms Covalent: equal sharing of e- btn 2 atoms Polar Covalent: unequal sharing of e- btn 2 atoms

  3. How can we check for polarity? • Check difference in electronegativity btn the 2 atoms • NOTE: noble gases have no # indicating a value of 0

  4. ∆EN Covalent 0 – 0.5 Polar Covalent 0.5 – 1.7 Ionic > 1.7

  5. Polar Covalent • If e- are not shared evenly btn 2 atoms, the atom with a stronger pull on e- (higher EN) becomes slightly –ve and the other atom becomes slightly +ve this is called a dipole and can be drawn in 2 ways

  6. Examples of Dipoles Gr. 11 Method: ς-ς+ O – H Gr. 12 Method: O – H

  7. Polarity and Shape • Check electronegativity difference 1st – if ionic or covalent the question of polarity is answered • If polar covalent, VSEPR shape must be checked to determine if dipoles cancel

  8. General Rule for Shape and Polarity • Assuming all surrounding atoms are identical, the following is true about overall polarity of the following shapes: Non-polar: dipoles cancel due to shape • Parent shapes + square planar Polar: dipoles do not cancel out due to shape • Kid shapes except square planar

  9. How does Polarity Cancel? • Consider the following parent shapes:

  10. Examples: • On Board • NCl3 • SF4 • PO43-

  11. Exceptions • A shape which is normally non-polar can be made polar if the dipoles don’t cancel • This will happen if the surrounding atoms are different, therefore having different sized dipoles

  12. Examples: • On Board • CH3Cl • BCl2Br

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