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The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition. Unit XII The Classical Symphony. “I frequently compare a symphony with a novel in which the themes are characters. After we have made their acquaintance, we follow their evolution, the unfolding of their psychology.” — Arthur Honegger.

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The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

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  1. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  2. Unit XIIThe Classical Symphony “I frequently compare a symphony with a novel in which the themes are characters. After we have made their acquaintance, we follow their evolution, the unfolding of their psychology.” — Arthur Honegger The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  3. 34. The Nature of the Symphony Historical Background • Origins in Italian opera overture • 3 part form • Standard ideas including “Mannheim” traits • Rocket themes • Steamroller effects Mozart: Symphony No. 40, IV Beethoven: Wellington’s Victory The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  4. The Classical Orchestra • 30–40 players Mozart: Symphony No. 40, I The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  5. The Movements of the Symphony I: fast II: slow III: moderate IV: fast Mozart: Symphony No. 40, I Beethoven: Symphony No. 7, II Haydn Sym. No. 94 (Surprise), III Mozart: Symphony No. 40, IV The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  6. I. The First Movement Sonata-allegro form / first-movement form /sonata form A B A’ Development Exposition (repeated) Recapitulation Theme II Closing Theme Bridge Theme I Bridge Theme II Closing Theme Coda Unstable, Building tension Theme I The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  7. II. The Second Movement • Form options • three-part form (A-B-A) • theme and variations • modified sonata-allegro • Tempo • Largo • Adagio • Andante • In contrasting key • Lyrical mood The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  8. Theme Variation I Variation II Variation III ||: a :||: b :||: a' :||: b' :||: a'' :||: b'' :||: a''' :||: b''' :||: etc. The Second Movement (II)Theme and Variations • Change of key • Melodic variation • Harmonic variation • Rhythmic variation • Meter, texture, dynamics, and timbre variations “Greensleeves” The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  9. III. The Third Movement • Form: • Minuet and trio • Tempo: • Moderate • Triple meter • Later: Scherzo The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  10. The Third Movement (III) Minuet/Trio A B A Minuet Trio Minuet ||: a :||: b :||: c :||: d :|| a | b | alternate ||: a :||: b -a :|| (Rounded Binary) The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  11. IV. The Fourth Movement • Form options • Sonata-allegro • Rondo • Tempo • Allegro molto • Presto finale • Fast and light • Folk-dance character The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  12. The Fourth Movement (IV) • Rondo Form: A-B-A-B-A, or A-B-A-C-A, or A-B-A-C-A-B-A, etc. The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  13. www.wwnorton.com/enjoy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  14. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  15. 35. Haydn and the Symphony “Can you see the notes behave like waves? Up and down they go! Look, you can also see the mountains. You have to amuse yourself sometimes after being serious so long.” —Joseph Haydn iMusic Example: Haydn’s Symphony No. 100 II Joseph Haydn 1732-1809 Classical Era 1725-1825 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  16. Joseph Haydn (1732–1809) • Austrian composer • Folk song and dance • St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna • Esterházy Patronage • Esterháza • Two successful trips to England • Died in 1809 The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  17. Haydn’s Music • String quartet • 100-plus symphonies • London Symphonies • Masses, oratorios The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  18. Haydn: Symphony No. 94 (Surprise) • London Symphony • 40-member orchestra III: Allegro molto, minuet form G major The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  19. Haydn: Symphony No. 94 (Surprise)(Listening Guide) Slow introduction I: Vivace assai, sonata-allegro form II: Andante (slower tempo), theme and variations Theme in C major Staccato Repeated pianissimo Four variations Coda Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  20. Haydn: Symphony No. 94 (Surprise)(Listening Guide) III: Allegro molto tempo, minuet form G major, high-spirited and folklike Captures the charm and humor of folk dance IV: Allegro molto, sonata-allegro form III: Allegro molto, minuet form G major Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  21. www.wwnorton.com/enjoy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  22. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  23. 36. Beethoven and the Symphony in Transition • Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) • German composer and pianist • Musical family • Unhappy childhood • Court musician • Played piano for Mozart in Vienna • Welcomed to Vienna • Treated as equal, not as a servant “Freedom above all!” Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) Classical Era 1725-1825 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  24. 36. Beethoven and the Symphony in Transition • Modified patronage • Concert life and music publishing • Hearing loss • Eccentric genius • Died at age 57, famous and revered • Theory of cause of death: lead poisoning The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  25. Beethoven’s Music Three compositional periods • 1st: Early career • 2nd: Middle career, more “Romantic” • 3rd: Late career, introspective, chromatic harmonies The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  26. Symphonies • Nos. 1 and 2, Classical in style • No. 3, “Eroica,” mature style • Napoleon dedication • Nos. 5 and 7, exhibit universal appeal • No. 9, “Choral” Symphony • Schiller’s Ode to Joy Symphony No. 7, II The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  27. Concertos, Piano Sonatas, Chamber Music, and Vocal Music Contributed to many genres Beethoven Piano Sonata No. 8 in c, (Pathétique), I Beethoven, Serenade in D, Op. 8, I Beethoven Quartet in String F, Op. 59, No. 1, I BeethovenKing Stephan, Op. 117, final chorus: “Heil unsern Enkeln!” The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  28. Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 in C minor • Rhythmic idea “three shorts and a long” dominates entire work • Cyclical form, SSSL recurs in all movements • Tonality shifts from C minor to C major The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  29. Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 in C minor(Listening Guide) I: Allegro con brio, sonata-allegro form • “Three shorts and a long” dominates the texture II: Serene double theme and variations • Recurrence of same rhythmic idea III: Scherzo and trio • Rocket theme • Third and fourth movements linked • Recurrence of same rhythmic idea IV: Sonata-allegro form • Recurrence of same rhythmic idea • Extended coda Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  30. www.wwnorton.com/enjoy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

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