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Big Business and Organized Labor

Big Business and Organized Labor. The Rise of Big Business: Why?. Shortage of labor Technological Innovations Government policies. Steam Iron Textiles Mass production of simple products such as shirts and slips Skilled and artisanal labor still necessary. Electricity Steel Railroads

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Big Business and Organized Labor

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  1. Big Business and Organized Labor

  2. The Rise of Big Business: Why? • Shortage of labor • Technological Innovations • Government policies

  3. Steam Iron Textiles Mass production of simple products such as shirts and slips Skilled and artisanal labor still necessary Electricity Steel Railroads Vertical and Horizontal Integration Research and Development Interchangeable parts and mass production Deskilling of labor The Second Industrial Revolution vs. the First Industrial Revolution

  4. Textile Mill ca. 1890

  5. The significance of the RR • RR “firsts”: First big business, first magnet for finance, and first with large-scale management • Government help: Pacific RR Act • Golden Spike • Work Force • Finance: Gould and Vanderbilt • Integrating a national market

  6. Inventors and New Industries • Bell and AT&T • Edison and Westinghouse • Battle of the Currents • General Electric

  7. Entrepreneurs • John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil • Horizontal v. Vertical Integration • Trusts and Holding Companies • Carnegie and Steel • Bessemer Process • Electrical Industry: Siemens, Edison • J.P. Morgan and Finance • U.S. Steel: The World’s First $Billion firm

  8. John D. Rockefeller

  9. Rockefeller Cartoon

  10. J.P. Morgan Attacks!

  11. Andrew Carnegie

  12. Puddling

  13. Bessemer Process

  14. Carnegie Steel Mill

  15. Electrical Industry • Importance of Research and Development • Early movers: Siemens & Halske: Telegraphy • Inventors: Siemens: Electrical Magnets and Machinery • Edison: Electric Lighting • Westinghouse v. Edison: Battle of the Currents • Morgan’s Role

  16. Werner von Siemens

  17. Thomas Edison: The miracle of electrical lighting

  18. Labor • Productivity, deflation and real wages • Child Labor • Molly Maguires and other heroes • Railroad Strike of 1877 and Sand Lot Incident • National Labor Union • Terrance Powderly and the Knights of Labor

  19. Types of Labor Unions • Craft/Trade Unions: American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers • Industrial Unions: Terrence Powderly and the KofL

  20. Labor Violence • Anarchism • Haymarket Affair, May 3, 1886 • Homestead Strike, July 7, 1892 • Pullman Strike, May-July 1894: George Pullman, Eugene Debs, John Peter Altgeld, Grover Cleveland • In Re Debs (1895)

  21. Haymarket Riot 1886

  22. Homestead Strike 1892

  23. Strikers and Pinkertons

  24. Homestead Strike: The Army Arrives

  25. Frick and would be assassin

  26. Pullman 1894

  27. Pullman Strike and U.S. Army

  28. Summarize Changes in Labor • Deskilled work and mass production: leading to Fordism • Antagonism between low skilled and immigrant labor and skilled and native born • Industrial v. craft labor unions • Living in new cities • Government firmly aligned against labor unions and workers’ rights

  29. Coxey’s Army • Jacob Coxey • Carl Browne • “The Stranger”

  30. Radicals • International Workers of the World (IWW) • Socialists

  31. Why is there no socialism in America?

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