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Larry had a little lamb….

Larry had a little lamb…. By: Andy Peterson Ann Huenink Averi Sauder Kristin Thompson. Case Overview. Larry Spikes a sheep rancher from Spanish Forks, Utah is complaining of “monkey faced” lambs with short legs and motor nerve paralysis.

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Larry had a little lamb….

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  1. Larry had a little lamb…. By: Andy Peterson Ann Huenink Averi Sauder Kristin Thompson

  2. Case Overview • Larry Spikes a sheep rancher from Spanish Forks, Utah is complaining of “monkey faced” lambs with short legs and motor nerve paralysis. • The sheep herds had been left on mountain pastures (7500-9500 ft) later into the fall breeding season than usual because of a drought. • The plants that the sheep have been exposed to are lupine and corn lily.

  3. Corn Lily • Also known as Veratrum Californicum. • Toxin: steroidal alkaloids that are teratogenic (jervine, cyclopamine and cycloposine). • Toxicity: 45 grams of roots/rhizomes given twice daily for three days can be toxic to livestock.

  4. Birth Defects

  5. Toxin:quinolizidine alkaloid Toxicity: toxic when ingested at 1% or less of body weight. The toxin is only produced in a moist environment. Lupine

  6. Which plant was toxic? • Corn Lily produced the toxin that caused the birth defects that the farmer observed. • It is not Lupine because this plant requires a moist environment to produce its toxin. • Also the farmer did not observe signs of lupine poisoning which was salivating, ataxia, seizures, and head pressing.

  7. Toxin Mechanism • Cyclopamine disrupts Shh- dependent pathway • These inhibitors reduce Shh target gene transcription and block Shh pathway-dependent proliferation. • This blocks cholesterol from being converted into steroid hormones which in return block signaling pathways that guide development.

  8. Suggestions for Larry! • Avoid overgrazing especially during the fall breeding season. • Increase rotational grazing procedures. • Invest in alternative feed options when pastures are limited during drought conditions. • Keep breeding ewes off high altitude grazing pastures.

  9. Symptoms • Increased gestational period • Failure to lamb • Vomiting • Slow, shallow breathing • Convulsions • Excessive salivation and general body weakness • DEATH

  10. Works Cited • www.sheepmagazine.com/issues/07_08_05.html • http://depts.washington.edu/ceeh/News/sonic.htm • http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/125/18/3553.pdf • http://www.cybergoat.com/cyclopia/cyclopia.htm

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