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GEOGRAPHY AND THE CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENT

GEOGRAPHY AND THE CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENT. RAJU J DAS. LECTURE OUTLINE. I. INTRODUCTION II. DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC VIEW III. ALTERNATIVE VIEW OF DEVELOPMENT IV. CONCLUSIONS V. QUESTIONS TO THINK ABOUT. I. INTRODUCTION.

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GEOGRAPHY AND THE CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENT

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  1. GEOGRAPHYAND THE CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENT RAJU J DAS

  2. LECTURE OUTLINE • I. INTRODUCTION • II. DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC VIEW • III. ALTERNATIVE VIEW OF DEVELOPMENT • IV. CONCLUSIONS • V. QUESTIONS TO THINK ABOUT

  3. I. INTRODUCTION 1. CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DEVELOPMENT A. DEVELOPMENT AND POWER B. THEORETICAL

  4. II. DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC ASPECTS 1. LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE

  5. II. DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC ASPECTS (CONTD.) A. TRANSFORMATION OF NATURE [NATURE, TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCTIVITY]

  6. II. DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC ASPECTS (CONTD.) B. TRANSFORMATION OF SPACE

  7. II. DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC ASPECTS (CONTD.) 2. PER CAPITA GNP A. GREATER AMOUNT AND HIGHER GROWTH

  8. II. DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC ASPECTS (CONTD.) • B. CONNECTED TO INDUSTRIALIZATION [% LABOR FORCE IN INDUSTRY OR NON-AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES]

  9. II. DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC ASPECTS (CONTD.) C. GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL PATTERNS OF ‘DEVELOPMENT’

  10. II. DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC ASPECTS (CONTD.) D. PROBLEMS • INTRA-NATION SOCIO-SPATIAL INEQUALITIES • NON-MARKET PRODUCTION (‘BARBER ECONOMY’) • GENDER-BLINDNESS (‘COWDUNG’ ECONOMY)

  11. II. DEVELOPMENT: ECONOMIC ASPECTS (CONTD.) • WHAT IS MONEY FOR? • Aristotle: ‘wealth is evidently not the good we are seeking; for it is merely useful and for the sake of something else’ • Amartya Sen: ‘If we have reasons to want wealth, we have to ask: what precisely are these reasons…’

  12. III. ALTERNATIVE VIEW: DEVELOPMENT AS HUMAN FREEDOM 1. DEVELOPMENT SHOULD BE ABOUT PROMOTING FREEDOM A. INCOME-APPROACH IMPORTANT BUT NOT SUFFICIENT

  13. III. ALTERNATIVE VIEW: (CONTD.) B. EXAMPLES OF FREEDOMS C. DEVELOPMENT AS FREEDOM HAS TWO ASPECTS D. WHAT DOES FREEDOM ‘DO’?

  14. III. ALTERNATIVE VIEW: (CONTD.) E. SOCIAL/HUMAN DEVELOPMENT --CALORIE INTAKE

  15. III. ALTERNATIVE VIEW: (CONTD.) --LIFE EXPECTANCY --LITERACY --COMPOSITE INDEX (HDI) --GDI

  16. III. ALTERNATIVE VIEW: (CONTD.) 2. SOME DEVELOPMENT-AS-FREEDOM [ASPECTS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT] HAS BEEN ACHIEVED A. INTERNATIONALLY

  17. III. ALTERNATIVE VIEW: (CONTD.) B. LOCALLY, IN MANY COUNTRIES [E.G. KERALA, INDIA)

  18. III. ALTERNATIVE VIEW: (CONTD.) 3. BUT MANY PEOPLE SUFFER FROM A VARIETY OF UNFREEDOMS

  19. III. ALTERNATIVE VIEW: (CONTD.) 4. LACK OF DEVELOPMENT-AS-FREEDOM IS NOT JUST A THIRD WORLD MATTER • UNEMPLOYENT B. SURVIVAL RATE

  20. IV. CONCLUSION FOR TODAY (‘TAKE-HOME MESSAGES’) 1. DEVELOPMENT IS A MULTI- DIMENSIONAL CONCEPT IN GEOGRAPHY/SOCIAL SCIENCES 2. DEVELOPMENT IN TERMS OF ITS ECONOMIC ASPECTS IS IMPORTANT 3. BUT IT HAS LIMITATIONS

  21. IV. CONCLUSION FOR TODAY (‘TAKE-HOME MESSAGES’) (CONTD.) 4. DEVELOPMENT AS FREEDOM IS A MORE COMPREHENSIVE CONCEPT

  22. V. QUESTIONS FOR SMALL-GROUP MEETINGS 1. WHY IS TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHICALLY? 2. WHY IS GNP PER CAPITA PROBLEMATIC AS AN INDICATOR OF DEVELOPMENT?

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