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Important People in Global History

Important People in Global History. Shanny - 2001. Corazon Aquino. born in Manila, Philippines 1953, graduated from College of Mt. St. Vincent, Bronx, NY supported husband’s political career, raised 5 children 1980, family came to USA for husband’s medical treatment

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Important People in Global History

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  1. Important People in Global History Shanny - 2001

  2. Corazon Aquino • born in Manila, Philippines • 1953, graduated from College of Mt. St. Vincent, Bronx, NY • supported husband’s political career, raised 5 children • 1980, family came to USA for husband’s medical treatment • 1983, returned to Philippines, husband killed at airport • 1986, became president of Philippines • freed political prisoners • restored civil rights • brought economic recovery • restored democratic elections

  3. Yasir Arafat • 1929, born in Gaza • college in Egypt, became an engineer • 1958, worked in Kuwait as an engineer • 1964, PLO formed to advocate for Palestinian state • 1969, became Chairman of PLO • from 1969-82, lived in Lebanon • 1987, Palestinian Intifada, protest against Israeli rule • 1988, Arafat declared independence of Palestine • 1993, signed Declaration of Principles with Rabin • 1994, signed Cairo agreement • 1994, returned to Gaza • 1994, awarded Nobel Peace Prize with Rabin and Peres • 1994, President of Palestinian National Authority

  4. Pope Benedict XVI • 1927, born in Germany, Josef Ratsinger • force to join Hitker’s youth, serve in army, POW • 1951, ordained priest • 1962, consulted during Vatican II • 1977, made Cardinal, served Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith • 2005, elected pope (265th), chose name Benedict XVI

  5. David Ben-Gurion • 1886, born in Poland • 1906, moves to Palestine • 1910, organizes support for Jewish state • 1948-53, first Prime Minister of Israel • 1956, Prime Minister orders invasion of Gaza • 1973, dies

  6. Osama bin Laden • 1957, born in Saudi Arabia, 17th child of 54 of father, only child of mother, least favored wife • raised in wealth • 1975, married • 1981, graduated King Abdul Aziz Univ. • put inherited fortune into armed activity • 1982, fought Soviets in Afganistan, with CIA training • 1984, began promoting jihad • 1988, formed Al Qa’edah • responsible for terror in Middle East, Asia, Phillipines, Africa, Eastern Europe, USA bin Laden is 6’5” and 160 lbs.

  7. Otto von Bismarck • 1815, born in Prussia, • 1862-73, Prime Minister of Prussia • 1871-90, German Chancellor • ambassador to Russia, France • founder of German Empire, failed to unite people • accomplishments • administrative reforms • common currency, central bank • code of law • social security system • 20 years of European peace • 1898, dies

  8. Tony Blair • 1953, born Edinburgh, Scotland • 1971, graduated from Fettes College • 1975, graduated from Oxford University Law School • 1980, married law colleague • 1983, elected to Parliament, hard line Labor Party • 1997, elected as Prime Minister of England • married, 4 children

  9. Simon Bolivar • 1783, born in Caracus • military general who fought for the liberation of Latin America from Spain • 1819, organized the Republic of Columbia • 1839, dies

  10. Napoleon Bonaparte • 1769, born • military genius • French Emperor • code of laws called “code Napoleon” • his egotism led him to defeat trying to gain an empire • 1814, abdicated • 1821, dies

  11. George W. Bush • 1946, born in Texas • graduated Yale University • MBA from Harvard Business School • F102 pilot in the Air National Guard • 1975, began oil and gas business • 1989, owner of Texas Rangers • 1994, elected Governor of Texas • 2000, elected 43rd President of the USA • son of Pres. George Bush • married, twin daughters

  12. Fidel Castro • 1926, born • started a leftist revolution in Cuba in 1956 • 1959, overthrew Batista’s government • promised to improve conditions of the poor • established first communist state in Western Hemisphere • supported return of Eian Gonsalez to Cuba (2000)

  13. Catherine the Great • German born wife of Peter III of Russia • 1762, became czarina of Russia • autocratic ruler of Russia for 34 years • emphasized education, Enlightenment • peasants and serfs, poor condition • nobles enjoyed rights • 1796, dues

  14. William Clinton • 1946, born in Arkansas • 1968, graduated from Georgetown University • Rhodes scholar at Oxford • 1973, earned law degree from Yale • 1978, became governor of Arkansas • 1993, inaugurated 42nd. President of USA (Democrat) • 1998, impeached, remained in office • maintained popularity, strong economy

  15. Christopher Columbus • 1451, born in Italy • 1492, navigator for Spain, landed in New World, seeking westward route to Asia • 3 ships Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria • began a quest for exploration in the Americas • 1506, dies

  16. Confucius • 551 BC, born in China • tried politics, but failed • teacher • writer, Analects • believed in being a gentleman/lady, and proper conduct • taught of the importance of family • taught the 5 social relationships • believed in honoring the aged

  17. Cortes • 1485, born in Spain • studied law • 1504, sailed to the New World • 1511, conquered Cuba • 1519, brings horses from Spain to the Americas • attempts conquest of Mexico, burns ships so his men can’t return to Cuba • 1521, conquers Mexico • 1547, dies

  18. Oliver Cromwell • 1599, born • 1628, elected to Parliament, English statesman • opposed absolute power of monarchs • organized army during civil war • became the 1st. Chairman of the new republic • 1650, surpressed uprising in Ireland • 1653, dissolved Parliament, becoming Lord Protector • 1658, dies

  19. Marie Curie • 1867, born Warsaw, Poland • 1891, studied physics and mathematics at Sorbonne • 1894, married Pierre Curie, physics professor • 1903, earned PhD in Science • isolated polonium and radium • 1903, won Nobel Prize in Physics, first woman • 1911, won Nobel Prize • 1934, died in France • 1935, daughter won Nobel Prize in Chemistry (first mother/daughter winners)

  20. Leonardo DaVinci • 1452, born in Italy • painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, engineer, inventor, diversity of study and achievements • 1472, completes first painting • 1486, begins exploration of human flight • 1488-89, human anatomical drawings • 1492, designs flying machine • 1502-03, designs war machine, draws topographical maps • 1519, dies in France Mona Lisa The Last Supper

  21. Elizabeth I • 1533, born of the house of Tudor • daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn • 1558, became queen on death of Henry VIII • Protestant, restored unity over religious disputes • monarch head of Anglican Church • made peace with France and Scotland • 1588, defeat of Spanish Armada, England naval power • 1603, dies

  22. Ferdinand & Isabella • married in 1469 • parented five children (daughter, Catherine, married Henry VIII) • Lessened power of nobles • 1478, began Spanish Inquisition (tried to convert everyone to Catholicism, even by force) • 1492, gave money to Columbus for exploration to find new route to India

  23. Galileo Galilei • 1564, born in Piza, Italy • great aptitude for mathematics and mechanics • wielded an able pen, made enemies with writings • astronomer • studied dynamics • proved falling bodies fall at same speed regardless of weight • invented thermometer and telescope • agreed with Copernicus, sun center of system • interrogated by Inquisition, suspected of heresy • put under “house arrest” • 1642, died

  24. Indira Gandhi • 1917, born in India • daughter of Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister • 1938, National Congress Party, independence movement • 1942, she and husband arrested for subversion, spent 13 months in prison • 1947, India gains independence, father Prime Minister, Indira is official hostess • 1959, president of party • 1975, state of emergency after election problems • 1966-77, 1980-84, Prime Minister of India • 1984, assassinated by Sikh conspirator

  25. Mahatma Gandhi • 1869, born in India • lawyer • 20 yrs.in So. Africa, opposing discrimination against Indians • 1914, returned to India • leader of nationalists against British rule • passive non-violence and civil disobedience • led boycotts and Salt March • Mahatma - “Great Soul” • 1947, India and Pakistan gained independence • 1948, Gandhi assassinated by Hindu fanatic

  26. Mikhail Gorbachev • 1985, youngest General Secretary since Stalin • glasnost (openness), democratization, peresstrika (economic reform) • 1990, Nobel Peace Prize, for ending Cold War • reformed Soviet economic system • policies helped reunify Germany, start democratic elections in Eastern Europe • 1987, signed agreement with Reagan limiting nuclear weapons

  27. Henry VIII • 1491, born England • responsible for England’s break with the Pope • established national church of England • had six wives, trying to have a son • imperial monarch with political unity • father of the English Navy • in throwing off Rome, he wiped out monasteries, spilling blood and treasures

  28. Adolf Hitler • 1889, born Germany • leader of the Nazi Party • 1933, Nazis gain control of Reichstag (parliament) • 1933, became Chancellor of Germany • Hitler became dictator of Third Reich • goal - pure Aryan race, racist, holocaust (Jews) • 1938, marched into Austria, expand Germany • 1939, invaded Poland, beginning WW II • 1945, commits suicide

  29. Ho Chi Minh • 1890, born in Vietnam • 1911, studies in France • 1941, forms Viet Minh, nationalist guerilla group • Viet Minh fought against the Japanese in WW II • leader of Viet Cong (Communists) • 1954, defeats French, Vietnam divided • 1959, armed revolt against South Vietnam • 1969, dies in Hanoi • 1975, Communists take over South Vietnam

  30. Saddam Hussein • studied law in Egypt • 1968, military coup brings Hussein into power • 1979, became President of Iraq • 1980, attacked Iran over waterway • 1990, invaded Kuwait, Persian Gulf War

  31. Ivan IV “the Terrible” • 1530, born in Russia • 1st. Czar of Russia • defeated the Mongols • bloody violence against aristocrats • opened Siberia • began commerce with England • centralized government • 1584, dies

  32. Joan of Arc • 1412, born in France, 5th child of peasant farmer • pious (holy) child, perhaps illiterate • at 13 began hearing voices from God, saw St. Michael the Archangel, other angels and saints • 1428, Called by God to help King Charles VII’ • 1429, visited with King, found not heretical • allowed in military, carried banner and no weapons into battle, victorious over England • remained in military, but became prisoner, sentences as witch and heretic • 1431, burned at the stake, died • 1920, canonized as a saint

  33. Pope John Paul II • 1920, born in Poland, Karol Wojtyla • 1946, ordained Roman Catholic priest • 1964, archbishop of Krakow, Poland • 1978, elected pope (264th pope), took the name John Paul II • most traveled pope • 1981, shot in St. Peter’s Square, forgave shooter • 2005, died

  34. Chiang Kaishek • 1887, born • Chinese military leader and statesman • 1911, participated in overthrow of imperial gov’t • 1912, new Republic of China • 1925, took over the Guomindang • 1931, resisted the Japanese invasion • 1934, campaigns against the Communists • 1942, supreme commander of Allied force in China • 1945, civil war in China between nationalists and communists • 1949, moved to Taiwan to continue Republic • 1970, setbacks as USA relates to Communist gov’t • 1975, dies

  35. Jomo Kenyatta • 1890, born • educated in Nairobi • 1920, worked for Nairobi Municipality • 1928, editor of magazine • 1931-46, extensive European travel • Kenya’s first post-independence leader • 1952, arrested by British for starting the Mau Mau rebellion, 7 yrs. In jail • 1963, Minister of Coalition government • believed in monolithic one party rule • 1978, dies

  36. Genghis Khan • 1162, born in Mongolia • “Universal Ruler” • became ruler of the Mongols • subjected China • successfully invaded Russia in winter • 1227, dies, empire divided among 4 sons

  37. Ayatollah Khomeini • 1902, born in Iran • studied theology,Islamic jurist (mullah) • 1964-78, exiled to Iraq • 1979, returned to Tehran, leads revolt • killed thousands to end secularism • wanted a fundamentalist Islamic state • Muslin autocrat • sought to bring down Shah’s state • 1989, dies

  38. Nikolai Lenin • 1870, born • leader of Bolsheviks • revolutionary theory • dictatorship of working class • central authority of Communist Party • led October Revolution • 1917, Russian Revolution, created soviet state • “bread, land, peace” slogan • first Communist government • nationalized businesses • 1924, dies

  39. John Locke • 1632, born in England • studied medicine at Oxford University • believed in religious freedom • rejected the Divine Right of monarchy • believed in government with the consent of the people - democracy • 1704, dies

  40. Louis XIV • 1638, born of the house of Bourbon • French king called “Sun King” • became king at age 5 • ruled during peak of absolute power • built palace of Versaille • War of Spanish Succession • tried to unite France and Spain • 1715, dies of gangrene

  41. Louis XVI • 1774, became King of France • helped American colonists against the English • 1793, executed as traitor

  42. Nicclo Machiavelli • 1469, born in Italy • political philosopher • insisted that power is the most important factor in politics • author of The Prince, advice to new ruler on maintaining power • “to be feared gives more security than to be loved” • 1527, dies

  43. Ferdinand Magellan • 1480, born in Portugal • 1519, sailed for Spain, circumnavigated the globe • made many discoveries about latitude and longitude • 1521, dies in the Philippines

  44. Nelson Mandela • 1918, born in South Africa • 1948, apartheid was established in So. Africa • became a lawyer • leader of African National Congress • opposed apartheid • 1964, charged with treason, imprisoned for life • 1990, released from prison • goal - democratic, representative government • 1993, awarded Nobel Peace Prize • 1994, became President of South Africa

  45. Mao Zedong • 1893, born in China • graduated from teachers’ college • 1921, founded Chinese Communist Party • revolutionary leader of Communist Revolution • Marxist founder of Chinese Communist Party • led guerrilla army on 6,000 mi. “Long March” • 1949, established People’s Republic (Soviet model) • “Great Leap” encouraged rural industry • Cultural Revolution - period of terror and chaos • 1976, dies

  46. Karl Marx • 1818, born in Germany • social scientist, historian, revolutionary • analyzed the capitalist society, creating Marxism • Marxism - in theory, brings the industrial working class to power and creates a classless society • concentrated on the economic factor in history • with Engels, wrote a Communist Manifesto • 1848, wave of revolutions in Europe • 1883, dies

  47. Michelangelo • 1495, born in Italy • artist, sculptor • 1501-04, sculpted David (16’10”) • 1509-12, painted ceiling of Sistine Chapel, Rome • 1564, dies Pieta Sistine Chapel ceiling The David

  48. Mohammed • 570, born in what is now Saudi Arabia • descendent of Ismail, son of Abraham in the Bible • orphaned by age 8, raised by an uncle • worked as a shepherd • visited Mecca on caravan with his uncle • at age 23, married his widowed employer • increased religious consciousness in his late 30s • acquainted with Jewish and Christian scriptures • began meditating near Mecca, and heard call of God (Allah) • founded Islam, Mohammed a prophet, Five Pillars • 632, dies

  49. Benito Mussolini • 1883, born in Italy • studied Karl Marx and Friedrich Nietzsche • joined Socialist Party • 1919, founded Fascist group • 1922-43, Fascist dictator of Italy, Il Duce • allied with Hitler during World War II • 1945, dies by execution

  50. Gamel Abdel Nasser • 1952, led military coup against King Farouk • 1954 - 70, President of Egypt • tried to create unified Arab state • land reforms for farmers (fellahin) • state controls on industry • 1956, tried to nationalize Suez Canal, war with Israel, Britain, and France • built Aswan Dam with Russian support • 1970, dies

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