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Proteins

Proteins. Used in variety of cellular functions Made of smaller amino acids Monomer: Amino acid Polymer: Protein Only 20 amino acids… but thousands of proteins Exact arrangement of amino acids determines the protein. Protein Basics. leucine. valine. glycine. alanine. leucine. leucine.

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Proteins

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  1. Proteins

  2. Used in variety of cellular functions Made of smaller amino acids Monomer: Amino acid Polymer: Protein Only 20 amino acids… but thousands of proteins Exact arrangement of amino acids determines the protein Protein Basics leucine valine glycine alanine leucine leucine histi- dine aspara- gine serine proline = protein A valine leucine glycine alanine leucine leucine histi- dine aspara- gine serine proline = protein B Amino acid (monomer) leucine valine glycine alanine leucine leucine = protein C

  3. Amino Acid Structure 5 basic parts 1) Central C atom 2) Amino group (NH2) 3) H 4) Carboxyl group (COOH) 5) R group . . Only 20 amino acids… Each has different R group

  4. Amino Acid Structure 5 basic parts 1) Central C atom 2) Amino group (NH2) 3) H 4) Carboxyl group (COOH) 5) R group Amino acid: Glycine H R H OH N C C O H H Only 20 amino acids… Each has different R group

  5. Amino Acid Structure 5 basic parts 1) Central C atom 2) Amino group (NH2) 3) H 4) Carboxyl group (COOH) 5) R group H H C H Amino acid: Alanine R H OH N C C O H H Only 20 amino acids… Each has different R group

  6. Amino Acid Structure 5 basic parts 1) Central C atom 2) Amino group (NH2) 3) H 4) Carboxyl group (COOH) 5) R group H H C H H H C C H H R H OH N C C O H H Only 20 amino acids… Each has different R group Amino acid: Valine

  7. What differs between these 6 amino acids? Each “R” group is different

  8. Enzymes Enzyme amylase glucose glucose glucose glucose glucose glucose glucose glucose • Type of protein • Enzyme: Lowers the energy needed to start a chemical reaction • Breaking down food • Build needed molecules • Sensitive to pH, temp • ex: If high fever: enzymes lose ability to work • Very specific in actions • ex: Amylase: Breaks starch into simple sugars • Reusable

  9. Kobe Kuiz • What are the smaller monomers that make proteins called? • How many different amino acids exist? • How does each amino acid differ? • The NH2 part of the amino acid is called the ____ group. • The COOH part of the amino acid is called the ____ group. • Which group of proteins help to start chemical reactions? • What can cause an enzyme to stop functioning?

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