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Teams in Organizations

Teams in Organizations. Chapter 1. Characteristics of Teams. Shared goal Mutual accountability, shared responsibility, shared rewards Members interdependent Dependent on each other for what? Bounded (identity) & stable over time Members have authority to self-manage

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Teams in Organizations

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  1. Teams in Organizations Chapter 1

  2. Characteristics of Teams • Shared goal Mutual accountability, shared responsibility, shared rewards • Members interdependent Dependent on each other for what? • Bounded (identity) & stable over time • Members have authority to self-manage • Operate within a larger social system context.

  3. Working Groups • How does a team differ from a working group? • Leadership • Accountability • Time • Authority • Skills • Goals.

  4. Why Use Teams? • Customer service focus • Trend from transactional to relational view of customers. Why? • Competition • Used to coordinate activities as we become more specialized (therefore interdependent) • Information technology • Role of managers is changing • Globalization • Changes in structure require integration & coordination of stakeholders

  5. Manager-Led Team • Outside manager acts as team leader • Sets goals (& strategies to reach them), monitors performance, selects members, interacts with org. • The team’s only responsibility is assigned work • No autonomy or empowerment • Ideal when the goal is clear & the task is simple. • Examples? • Advantages? • Disadvantages?

  6. Self-Managing Teams • Leader designs the team & defines purpose/goal (team determines strategies) • Leader manages organizational context • Team given authority to hire, discipline, monitor performance of & motivate one another • Examples? • Advantages? • Disadvantages?

  7. Self-Directing Teams • Teams determine their own goals & strategies to reach them • Teams design themselves & self-manage • Leader manages organizational context only • Ideal for ambiguous or complex problems & next generation planning • Examples? • Advantages? • Disadvantages?

  8. Self-Governing Teams • Team completely autonomous • Designs organizational context, manages own performance, determines goals, designs the team • Can replace president or COO • Can be used to investigate serious problems • Advantage? • Disadvantage?

  9. Trekronerskolen, Roskilde, Denmark Teachers team work at a comprehensive school in Denmark

  10. Started up with 9 classes in 2001 • Today 30 classes and 615 students • Age 6 to 16 years • 3 classes of each year group • 50 teachers– 12 men and 38 woman - age average: 37 years • 9 self-governingteams of teachers

  11. Self-governing team • A group of adults, who have a committing co-operation and the responsibility for planning, carrying out and evaluating the social and learning sides of teaching children.

  12. Each self-governingteam consists of 5-6 teachers, who • Teach all subjects • Work flexible timetables • Handle special education • Cover substitute teaching • 4 teachers to 3 classes.

  13. Advantages • Cooperation between teachers • High level of interdisciplinary knowledge • Organize more qualified teaching • Sharing of knowledge • Lessons are never cancelled • Supervision between teachers • Full control over school development.

  14. Consider this… • Teams have the potential to outperform individuals, but if poorly designed lead to confusion, slowed & poor D/M • Consequences of team misattribution error • Blaming team failure on uncontrollable external factors or a person on the team • Team failure should be viewed as an opportunity to learn from mistakes • Conflict is necessary for effective D/M Functional vs. dysfunctional

  15. Role of Team Leader? • Design team environment (manage org. context) • Provide resources, access to information & training • Set working conditions • Align team’s goals w/ org. goals • Provide incentives to cooperate • Coach • Provide support Leaders should not attempt to____? Why?

  16. Team Building • Appropriate when? • Fail when don’t address underlying design problems (better to do this in team’s natural environment) • Often encourages members to blame failures on personalities • Your experiences?

  17. Results of Research • Ideal team size is ___ members. • Need to balance innovation & control. How? • Team longevityaverage time together 2 yrs • Biggest challenges? • Maintaining motivation • Minimizing confusion • Coordinating

  18. Expert Learning -The ability to learn from mistakes. -Effective leaders engage in- Double Loop Learning • Leaders coach & direct teams, while teams help leaders learn Not Single Loop Learning • The leader’s perception that he has nothing to learn from subordinates, but they can learn from him

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