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Unit 6. Cause and Effect Essay

Unit 6. Cause and Effect Essay. Part I. Cause and Effect Essay. Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things happen ( causes ) and what happens as a result ( effects ). Purpose: to explain the causes (reasons) or the effects (results) of an event or situation.

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Unit 6. Cause and Effect Essay

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  1. Unit 6.Cause and Effect Essay Part I

  2. Cause and Effect Essay • Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things happen (causes) and what happens as a result (effects). • Purpose: to explain the causes (reasons) or the effects (results) of an event or situation.

  3. Open window (A) and fly kite (B). String (C) lifts small door (D) allowing moths (E) to escape and eat red flannel shirt (F).As weight of shirt becomes less, shoe (G) steps on switch (H) which heats electric iron (I) and burns hole in pants (J). Smoke (K) enters hole in tree (L), smoking out opossum (M) which jumps into basket (N), pulling rope (O) and lifting cage (P), allowing woodpecker (Q) to chew wood from pencil (R), exposing lead. Emergency knife (S) is always handy in case opossum or the woodpecker gets sick and can't work.

  4. What can Goldberg’s cartoon tell you? • Can you say “opening the window” sharpen the pencil? • Is being a business man a cause of being a rich man?

  5. Organization • (p.135) • Introduction • The hook • Middle sentences • Thesis statement • Body paragraphs • Topic sentence (the cause) • Supporting details (explanation)(examples and facts) • Conclusion • Restatements / paraphrases • Summaries • Comments / Opinions

  6. Writing Model • (p.136) Why Students Are Poor • The event under discussion? • The hook? • Background information: What examples? • Thesis statement? • The Causes? • Supporting details: Giving explanations? Showing statistics? • Conclusion: Giving solutions or opinions?

  7. Patterns of Organization • Multiple causes  Effect • Each developmental paragraph is devoted to one of the causes of the event.

  8. Cause  Multiple effects • The effects of a certain situation are explained in separate paragraphs.

  9. Causal chains / Domino • The events lead to one another.

  10. Writing Model • (p.136) Why Students Are Poor • What pattern does the writer use? • Multiple causes  Effect • Effect: college students are poor. • Causes: 1. they cannot work fulltime.2. they have other expenses that working adults don’t have.

  11. Writing Task • Think of a successful event or situation. Explain and discuss how to achieve such a success. • What are the effects of the computer on the quality of your writing? • What would an early education of English influence children’s English ability? Effect  Multiple causes Cause  Multiple Effects Cause  Multiple Effects

  12. Step by Step • Step 1. Distinguish between cause and effect. To determine causes: "Why did this happen?" To identify effects: "What happened because of this?“ • Cause You are out of gas. Effect Your car won't start. • Cause reduce work hours. Effects less income / employer is irritated / more time to study / more time for family and friends. • Causes liked business in high school / salaries in the field are high / am good with numbers . Effect choose to major in accounting • Step 2. Develop your thesis statement. State clearly whether you are discussing causes, effects, or both. Introduce your main idea, using the terms "cause" and/or "effect."

  13. Step 3. Find and organize supporting details. Back up your thesis with relevant and sufficient details that are organized. • Chronological. Details are arranged in the order in which the events occurred. • Order of importance. Details are arranged from least to most important or vice versa. • Categorical. Details are arranged by dividing the topic into parts or categories. • Step 4. Use appropriate transitions. Blend details smoothly in cause and effect essays. • For causes: because, due to, on cause is, another is, since, for, first, second… • For Effects: consequently, as a result, thus, resulted in, one result is, another is, therefore…

  14. Step 1. Brainstorming • Write the causes that lead to the particular event or situation. • (p.134) • Exercise 1.

  15. In-class Writing • Decide the topic to write. • Decide a pattern you want to use in your writing (Effect-multiple causes / Cause-multiple effects / Chain effects). • Brainstorm causes that lead to an event or a situation, or effects that may follow a cause.

  16. Step 2. Clustering • Clustering: the process of grouping ideas that are similar so that the writer can develop the information into a thesis statement, topic, topic sentences, and supporting details. • (p.138)

  17. In-class Writing • Now cluster the ideas into logical categories by eliminating irrelevant or problematic ideas.

  18. Step 3. Outlining • Based on the clustered ideas, compose the thesis statement. • Decide the subtopics for each body paragraph. • Listed details in the body paragraphs. • To provide descriptions. • To give statistics or facts. • (p.139)

  19. In-class Writing • Review the brainstorming ideas. Write the outline for your essay.

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