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Glass-ceramics and ceramics as biomaterials for dental restoration

Glass-ceramics and ceramics as biomaterials for dental restoration. W. Höland, V. Rheinberger, E. Apel, Ch. Ritzberger, H. Kappert. Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Li-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein. Derby, UK, September, 2007. Outline. I. Fundamentals on ceramic and glass-ceramic technology.

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Glass-ceramics and ceramics as biomaterials for dental restoration

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  1. Glass-ceramics and ceramics as biomaterials for dental restoration W. Höland, V. Rheinberger, E. Apel, Ch. Ritzberger, H. Kappert Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Li-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein Derby, UK, September, 2007

  2. Outline I. Fundamentals on ceramic and glass-ceramic technology • Glass-ceramics as biomaterials for dental restoration • 1. Leucite-apatite • 2. Leucite • 3. Lithium disilicate and apatite III. Ceramics as biomaterials for dental restoration 1. ZrO2 2. Fusion of ceramic and apatite glass-ceramic IV. Summary

  3. I. Fundamentals of ceramic technology I application chemical composition properties microstructure applied processing nucleation processing crystallization W. Höland & G.H. Beall, Glass-ceramic technology. The American Ceramic Society, 2002, and J. Wiley, 2006 W. Höland, Glaskeramik, vdf / UTB, 2006

  4. I. Fundamentals of ceramic technology I designing of glass-ceramics and ceramics controlled nucleation and crystallization relationship between microstructure and properties

  5. II. Dental glass-ceramics as restorative BIOMATERIALS II 1 2 glass-ceramic on a metal framework glass-ceramic as single units (metal-free) 3 glass-ceramic as multi-unit bridge (metal-free)

  6. leucite II 1. Leucite-apatite glass-ceramic powder monolith apatite 2 µm 1 µm 700 °C / 8 h + 1050 °C / 1 h SEM (10 sec, 2.5% HF) 700 °C / 8 h + 1050 °C / 1 h

  7. 2. Opal leucite glass-ceramic II and volume phase separation surface crystallization surface volume 1 µm 20 µm 900 °C/1h SEM ,1.25 %HF, 4s 1020 °C/1h

  8. Processing by molding glaciers long term viscous flow II v i s c o u s f l o w

  9. pressure unit pressing plunger (1.8 - 2.0 MPa) furnace chamber (1075, or 1180 °C) Al2O3 plunger glass-ceramic ingot investment cylinder specimen II 2. Leucite glass-ceramics lost wax technique molding mold IPS Empress®

  10. II 2. Leucite glass-ceramics machinabilty CAD System processing by CAD/CAM: fast increasing technology leucite-type glass-ceramics

  11. 3.a) lithium disilicate and 3.b) apatite glass-ceramic II lithium disilicate gc apatite gc IPS Empress® 2, IPS Eris®

  12. II 3. Lithium disilicate glass-ceramics [1] dental standard ISO 6872

  13. II 3. Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic final product Li2Si2O5 920 °C, pressing crystallinity: 65 Vol.% 5 µm IPS e.max® SEM (3 s, ceramex)

  14. III. Ceramics as biomaterials for dental restoration III 1. ZrO2 2. Fusion of ceramic and apatite glass-ceramic

  15. properties of the final product 1mm Sintramat biocompatible crystallite size ~0.5-0.65mm density ~99.5% flexural strength>900MPa KIC approx. 6 MPa· m1/2 100-400°C approx. 10.5 10-6 K-1m/m SEM

  16. III 2. fusion of ceramic and apatite glass-ceramic apatite glass-ceramic natural dentin 1 µm 1 µm biomimetic process nature as example SEM (3 % HF, 10 s) Glass-ceramic as veneering material

  17. Glass-ceramic and ceramics as biomaterials for dental restoration designing the biomaterials: control the microstructure and to predict special properties based on new technologies high strength, tough, durable materials natural appearance, optical properties close to those of natural tooth processing: molding or machining - effective technologies veneering: sintering with fluoroapatite containing glass-ceramic IV IV. Summary

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