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World War II1939-1945 “We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and the oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.” -Winston Churchill
Causes of WWII Main Idea: Germany and Japans invasion of other countries leads to World War II.
Hitler wanted to build up a powerful ____________________and make Germany a strong _____________________. The leaders of Germany, Italy, and Japan formed an ___________________. They began to _____________________other countries. The Allies tried to stop Germany from invading other countries by signing an agreement with Hitler. Hitler promised not to invade any more countries. In return, the Allies agreed to let Germany keep the land it had already taken.
Hitler broke his promise. On September 1, 1939, Germany attacked _____________________. The Allies then declared _____________________on Germany. Italy and Japan soon declared war on the _____________________. The Allies could not stop the German army. By the end of 1941, _____________________ controlled most of Europe. Only _____________________ had not fallen. In Japan, nationalist leaders took control. They wanted Japan to take over other _____________________ countries. The United States eventually _____________________ trading with Japan due to Japanese aggression in the Pacific.
Leaders of WWII - Axis Adolf Hitler Hitler served in the Bavarian army during World War I and rose to become the leader of Nazi Germany during World War II. Under his leadership, the Nazis sought to make Germany the most powerful empire in the world and exterminate all they viewed as inferior. In pursuit of this, he ordered the extermination of over 11 million people, the majority of them Jewish, but also included any others who did not meet Hitler's standards for "racial purity.”
Leaders of WWII - Axis Benito Mussolini Prime minister of Italy (1922-1943). He was a fascist dictator who wanted total control over his country. Even though Italy fought with the United States in WWI, he joined forces with Hitler to fight Against the Allied powers. Eventually, he was sacked as prime minister and executed by his own people.
Leaders of WWII - Axis Hirohito • Emperor of Japan (October 1941 - July 1944) • He was reluctant to get involved in the invasion of China. The military leader, Tojo, made this decision. • He did support the decision to bomb Pearl Harbor. • Country wanted the valuable resources in China and other countries in the Pacific, so he invaded them.
Leaders of WWII - Allies Joseph Stalin • Stalin was q very brutal Communist dictator of the Soviet Union (1928-1953). • In the years before World War 2 Stalin murdered or imprisoned almost all of the Soviet Union's senior military officers, and millions of other citizens, in a paranoid and unprecedented wave of political terror. • He had made an agreement with Hitler to not attack Germany, but once Hitler went back on his promise, Stalin joined the side of the Allies
Leaders of WWII - Allies Winston Churchill • Winston Churchill was born in Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, on 30th November, 1874. • Prime Minister of Great Britain during most of the war, from 1940 to 1945, Churchill led Britain to victory. • During the Battle of Britain, Churchill's speeches boosted the British morale during the darkest moments.
Leaders of WWII - Allies Franklin D. Roosevelt President of the United States of America (1933- April 12,1945). He declared war on Japan after the bombing at Pearl Harbor, but unfortunately he did not live long enough to celebrate the Allies' victory in September of 1945. Succeeded by Harry S. Truman
Leaders of WWII - Allies Harry Truman Became president of the United States in the final year of World War II. He played a major role in the war's outcome by making the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan.
Axis versus the Allies Allies Great Britain France Soviet Union (joined in 1941) United States (joined in 1941) Axis Japan Italy Germany
Major Events of WWII On December 7, 1941, the Japanese dropped bombs on our naval station at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. They wanted to knock out our Navy so that we couldn’t stop them from conquering China. FDR stated that “this is a day which will live in infamy.” The next day, he declared war on Japan, which brought us into WWII. Bombing of Pearl Harbor
Air Raid – Pearl Harborby Theodore Taylor On December 7, 1941, Americans were stunned to learn that Japanese forces had launched an attack on Pearl Harbor. In this engrossing and extensively researched account, Theodore Taylor examines both sides of the battle, taking a close look at the events leading up to it and providing compelling insight into the motives and operations of the brave men and women swept up in the fight.
Major Events of WWII The Axis armies had spent years preparing for war, so they quickly conquered much of Europe and the Soviet Union before the United States joined the war(1939- 1941). The Allies needed time to recover and strike back. By 1942, the Allies began their move: • They fought off Axis troops in North Africa. • They defeated Axis troops in Italy. At the same time, Germany lost in the Soviet Union. • D-Day began.
Major Events of WWII D-Day: The invasion of France • On June 6, 1944, 200,000 Allied soldiers invaded the beaches of Northern France (France had already fallen to Germany). • One million troops landed in France over a period of 10 days. • After months of fighting, Allied soldiers surrounded the Germans in the west of France, and the Soviets (also Allies) pushed in on the east. Germany was forced to surrender.
True Stories of D-Dayby Henry Brook What genre is this? How do you know?
Major Events of WWII V-E Day Once Germany surrendered, the war was over in Europe. This day, May 8, 1945 is called Victory over Europe Day, or V-E Day.
Major Events of WWII The Battle of Iwo Jima Even though the war was over in Europe, it continued in the Pacific. In order to defeat the Japanese, the Allies used a plan called “island hopping” to capture islands in the Pacific held by the Japanese. Iwo Jima was one of the islands captured by the Allies The invasion of Iwo Jima began on February 19, 1945, and continued to March 26, 1945. The Marine invasion was charged with the mission of capturing the airfields on the island which up until that time had made it difficult for the US to bomb Tokyo. Once the bases were secured, they could then be of use in the impending invasion of the Japanese mainland.
The Battle of Iwo Jima Memorial in Washington, D.C. Actual flag raising after victory
Major Events of WWII Bombing of Japan? After Iwo Jima was captured, American forces were close enough to Japan to invade the island. President Truman was faced with the difficult decision of whether or not to bomb Japan or attack in a land battle.
Major Events of WWII On August 6, 1945, Truman decided to drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later, another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Both locations were centers for shipping as well as military headquarters with large depots of military supplies.
For several months, the US had dropped more than 63 million leaflets across Japan, warning civilians of air raids. Many Japanese cities suffered terrible damage from aerial bombings, some even 97% destruction. In general, the Japanese regarded the leaflet messages as truthful, however, anyone who was caught in possession of a leaflet was arrested by the Japanese government.Leaflet texts were prepared by recent Japanese prisoners of war because they were thought to be the best choice "to appeal to their compatriots."
The Atomic Bomb Hiroshima Nagasaki
V-J Day Both cities were completely destroyed, and Japan surrendered. This Victory over Japan is known as V-J Day. They surrendered on August 14, 1945, but we commemorate the day on September 2, 1945. The war is finally over!
Major Events of WWII The Holocaust • During the Holocaust, people (most of them Jews) were rounded up and taken from their homes. • They were forced to live in unbearable conditions in cramped ghettos. • Walls were put up around the ghettos so people could not escape. • If you could not work in the ghetto, you did not get food. If you did not get food, you starved to death.
Trains took people from the ghettos to concentration camps, which was the last stop for the people before they were killed. • When the Jewish people entered the camp they were put into two lines - workers and those that would not survive. • People were stripped of all their belongings. Their heads were shaved, and they were given striped jail clothes to wear. • The Nazis split apart families. • It wasn't until the United States had made their way through Europe that this inhumane treatment of humans was discovered.
Jewish Ghettos of WWII Jews stand in line with the possessions they can carry during their relocation to the Warsaw ghetto in late 1940. They will be searched by the German police before entry into the ghetto.
Jews led through the streets by German police in Krakowskie Przedmiescie, Warsaw, Poland in the early 1940s.
On October 2, 1940, the Warsaw ghetto was formally established. Six weeks later, on November 15, the ghetto was sealed with walls, as shown in this 1941 photograph. "Ghettoization" restricted the rights of Jews, created deplorable living conditions, and clustered Jews into condensed areas facilitating the eventual deportations to extermination camps.
Leaving the Ghettos Jews are forced to leave the ghettos. Nazi police tell them they are going to live in another location. They do not know that they are being sent to work in labor camps or die in concentration camps and extermination camps.
Concentration Camps View of the entrance to the main camp of Auschwitz. The gate bears the motto Arbeit Macht Frei (Work makes one free)
In the center of this area between blocks at Auschwitzofficers in charge of the roll-call received reports on the number of prisoners present. If there seemed to be anyone missing, prisoners had to continue to stand at attention until the SS were satisfied regardless of the weather, sometimes for 12 hours or more.
Jews at Auschwitz were branded with tattoos as a way to identify them.
“The Jews "lived" on starvation rations. A daily ration was: a piece of black bread, about as thick as your thumb; some margarine about the size of three sticks of chewing gum; and a small cup of something that was supposed to be soup. Every once in a while there was something floating around in it. That was it for twenty four hours.”
12 million people died during the Holocaust. Over 6 million of these people were Jews.
The Butterflyby Patricia Polacco The title suggests one thing, but perhaps the book is about something else? Look at the cover before we read to see if there are any clues that help you predict what this book might be about.
Life on the Home Front The federal government spent hundreds of billions of dollars on war supplies. _____________________ had to hire more workers to make supplies as quickly as possible. Many of these workers were _____________________and _____________________ _____________________. The nickname “___________________ ___________________ _____________________“ was given to the many _____________________who worked in jobs that only men had held before.
