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What is a resonance?

What is a resonance?. KEK Lecture (1). K. Kato Hokkaido University Oct. 6, 2010. （ 1 ）　 What is a resonance ？. The discrete energy state created in the continuum energy region by the interaction, which has an outgoing boundary condition. However, there are several definitions of resonances.

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What is a resonance?

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  1. What is a resonance? KEK Lecture (1) K. Kato Hokkaido University Oct. 6, 2010

  2. （1）　What is a resonance？ The discrete energy state created in the continuum energy region by the interaction, which has an outgoing boundary condition. However, there are severaldefinitions of resonances

  3. (i) Resonance cross section １ s(E)　～　————— Breit-Wigner formula (E – Er)2 + Γ2/4

  4. (ii) Phase shift “Quantum Mechanics” by L.I. Schiff … If any one of klis such that the denominator ( f(kl) ) of the expression for tanl, |tanl| = | g(kl)/f(kl) | ∞ , ( Sl(k) = e2il(k) ), is very small, the l-th partial wave is said to be in resonance with the scattering potential. Then, the resonance: l(k) = π/2 + n π

  5. Phase shift of 16O + α OCM

  6. (iii) Decaying state “Theoretical Nuclear Physics”by J.M. Blatt and V.F. Weisskopf We obtain a quasi-stational state if we postulate that for r>Rc the solution consists of outgoing waves only. This is equivalent to the condition B=0 in ψ (r) = A eikr + B e-ikr(for r >Rc). This restriction again singles out certain define solutions which describe the “decaying states” and their eigenvalues.

  7. Resonance wave function For the resonance momentum kr=κ–iγ, ψ(r) = ei κr erγ, (not normalizable (γ>0)）

  8. G. Gamow, Constitution of atomic nuclei and dioactivity (Oxford U.P., 1931) A.F.J. Siegert, Phys. Rev. 56 (1939), 750. The physical meaning of a complex energy E=Er– iΓ/2 can be understood from the time depen-dence of the wave function ψ(t) = ψ(t=0) exp(－iEt/ｈ) and its probability density | ψ(t)|2 = |ψ(t=0)|2 exp(－Γt/２ｈ). The lifetime of the resonant state is given by τ = ｈ/Γ．

  9. 4. Poles of S-matrix The solution φl(r) of the Schrödinger equation; Satisfying the boundary conditions , the solution φl(r) is written as

  10. where Jost solutions f±(k, r) is difined as and Jost functions f±(k) Then the S-matrix is expressed as The important properties of the Jost functions: 1. 2. From these properties, we have unitarity of the S-matrix;

  11. The pole distribution of the S-matrix in the momentum plane

  12. The Riemann surface for the complex energy: E=k2/2

  13. Ref. • J. Humblet and L. Rosenfeld, Nucl. Phys. 26 (1961), 529-578 • L. Rosenfeld, Nucl. Phys. 26 (1961), 594-607. • J. Humblet, Nucl. Phys. 31 (1962), 544-549. • J. Humblet, Nucl. Phys. 50 (1964), 1-16. • J. Humblet, Nucl. Phys. 57 (1964), 386-401. • J.P. Jeukenne, Nucl. Phys. 58 (1964), 1-9 • J. Humblet, Nucl. Phys. A151 (1970), 225-242. • J. Humblet, Nucl. Phys. A187 (1972), 65-95.

  14. （2）　Many-body resonance states • （１）Two-body problems; easily solved • Single channel systems • Coupled-channel systems • (2) Three-body problems; Faddeev • A=C1+C2+C3 • Decay channels of A

  15. A[C1-C2]B+C3, Eth(C3) [C2-C3]B+C1, Eth(C1) [C3-C1]B+C2, Eth(C2) B [C1-C2]R+C3, Eth(C12) [C2-C3]R+C1, Eth(C23) [C3-C1]R+C2, Eth(C31) C C1+C2+C3, Eth(3)

  16. Multi-Riemann sheet Eth(C3） 　Eth(C2) Eth(C2) Eth(3) Eth(C32） Eth(C23） Eth(C31） 様々な構造をもったクラスター閾値から始まる連続状態がエネルギー軸上に縮退して観測される。 (3) N-Body problem; more complex

  17. Eigenvalues of H(q) in the complex energy plane Complex scaling U(q) ; r rei q k ke-i q Yq= U(q) Y(r) =ei3/2 q Y(rei q) H(q)= U(q) H U(q)-1 H

  18. Complex Scaling Method physical picture of the complex scaling method Resonance state The resonance wave function behaves asymptotically as When the resonance energy is expressed as

  19. the corresponding momentum is and the asymptotic resonance wave function Diverge!

  20. This asymptoticdivergence of the resonance wave function causes difficulties in the resonance calculations. In the method of complex scaling, a radialcoordinate r is transformed as Then the asymptotic form of the resonance wave function becomes Converge!

  21. It is now apparent that when π/2>(θ-θr)>0 the wave function converges asymptotically. This result leads to the conclusion that the resonance parameters (Er, Γ) can be obtained as an eigenvalue of a bound-state type wave function. This is an important reason why we use the complex scaling method.

  22. Eigenvalue Problem of the Complex Scaled Hamiltonian • Complex scaling transformation • Complex Scaled Schoedinger Equation

  23. ABC Theorem • J.Aguilar and J. M. Combes; Commun. Math. Phys. 22 (1971), 269. • E. Balslev and J.M. Combes; Commun. Math. Phys. 22(1971), 280. • i) cq is an L2-class function: • ii) Eq is independent on q ( )

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