The Age of Exploration Crash Course! (start at 2:06) youtube/watch?v=NjEGncridoQ

1. The Age of ExplorationCrash Course! (start at 2:06) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjEGncridoQ

2. In this unit we will learn -Increased global interaction accelerates innovation. • Global interaction promotes the spread of disease. • Competition for resources affects the economic relationship among nations.

3. Going Places! • Global age – 1400s, for the first time, Europeans had contact with Africans, Asians, and at the end of the century, Americans… they wanted to explore the world • http://freeman-pedia.wikispaces.com/Global+Interactions+1450-1750

4. Why would countries want to explore other lands? • They wanted an all water route to Asia. • Overland trade with Asia was expensive. • Science and Technology was improving sea travel. • The policy of mercantilism

5. Mercantilism is… • A policy that said there was a limited amount of money in the world. • Each country needed to grab what they can before its gone. • If you export more than you import that would be more money in your pocket. • Colonies and markets were needed to make this system continue to work.

6. Why Now? What made the 1400s the right time for exploration??

7. 1) Crusades – Europeans went to the Holy Land to win it back from the Muslims Motivation for Exploration

8. 2) Riches – selling goods like silk and spices/ GOLD!! Motivation for Exploration

9. 3) Inventions for travel: Compass Better maps Astrolabe – charts by the stars Caravel – smaller, faster ship/ new, triangular sail called a lateen Motivation for Exploration

10. Motivation for Exploration • Religion!! Europeans wanted to spread Christianity

11. What did monarchs hope to gain by supporting exploration? Remember the three Gs! God, Gold, Glory, • Spread of Religion (God) • Increased trade, more territory, and wealth (Gold) • Fame and Power (Glory)

12. The Ming Dynasty • Yong Le succeeds his father Ming Hong Wu as emperor of China • His goal was to restore China’s greatness • 1) reclaimed Vietnam • 2) built Imperial city • 3) strengthened the Great Wall • 4) sent fleets of ships to explore Southeast Asia, India, and the Arabian Peninsula

13. Chinese Exploration: Largest = 440 feet long and 1,500 tons… 100 years later, the average Portuguese ship was 60 feet and 300 tons Chinese naval technology was far more advanced than European technology at the time Voyages ended after Yong Le’s death The Ming Dynasty

14. 1420 – Portuguese are the first European explorers on the African coast 1487 – Bartolomeu Dias makes a round trip to Africa Effect? Portuguese trading towns pop up along the African coast/ slavery of Africans Portuguese Explorers in Africa

15. 1497 – Vasco de Gama sailed to Southern India, filled his ship with spices, and returned to Portugal – the round trip took 2 years! Opened up the maritime trade route between Europe and Asia Bio - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFIyuYPP6PE Portuguese Explorers in India

16. Portugal’s Prince Henry wanted to make trade cheaper – wanted to make Portugal rich from spice trade He encouraged sea captains to make voyages – set up a school to teach navigating skills Prince Henry the Navigator

17. He had a bold idea: the world was round not flat! He wanted to sail West to go East Soooo Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain decided to send Columbus Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492!!

18. A New World • Voyage began on August 3 and ended on October 12 – Columbus believed that he landed in the Indies, but he really landed in Hispaniola and Cuba • He returned 3 more times to the Caribbean looking for the Asian mainland • He thought he reached the East Indies and called the people he encountered Indios or Indians

19. Oh Columbus, you’re so silly! • It didn’t take Spain and other nations long to realize that Columbus made a mistake. • He had not found Asia, he found two unknown continents – the New World • Countries went crazy for exploration!! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=My8Vd-NZ8Qo

20. The Columbian Exchange • The sharing of goods and ideas that began with Columbus's first voyage. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM4 • (stop 3:13, start 4:16)

21. The Columbian Exchange: Animals and Plants • Animals – changed use of land/transportation • Plants – food!! Large market for importing and exporting

22. The Columbian Exchange: Disease • Disease – most were passable through air or touch, illness in Europe was considered to be a consequence of sin… Native Americans had no natural resistance to diseases that Europeans brought over, their populations declined for centuries after the Europeans arrived

23. The Columbian Exchange: African Slave Trade • People – establishment of Atlantic slave trade • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY

24. The Columbian Exchange IN Activity!

25. Here come Spain and Portugal! • Spanish and Portuguese discovered what is now Brazil – decided wealth/people belonged to them Spain/Portugal: “This is my land!” Natives: “Why?” Spain/Portugal: “Because we have a flag.” Natives: “But we live here…” Spain/Portugal: “Hmmm…Do you have a flag?” Natives: “No…” Spain/Portugal: “Well then you can’t have it! Sorry, finders keepers.” 5 minutes later… Spain: “I want this spot.” Portugal: “No, that’s my spot” Ms. Lovell: This could be a problem….

26. Splitting the New World in Two • Pope Alexander VI (church is still pretty powerful) divided the New World in 1493/94 with The Treaty of Tordesillas – established a Line of Demarcation that separated Spanish (everything west of the line) and Portuguese (everything east of the line) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-x0ZPxoT-qA

27. The Line was redrawn in 1494 to benefit Portugal more than the original Line did. Spain Portugal

28. Overthrowing the Aztecs • 1515- Spanish controlled most of the islands in the Caribbean • Base in Cuba – set out to explore the Central American mainland • One of the first conquerors or, conquistadores was Hernán Cortés • Bio: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oicgynllrfY

29. Overthrowing the Aztecs • 1519 – Cortés, 500 soldiers, some horses, and a few cannon landed on the Yucatan Peninsula and began to march inland

30. Cortés continued to march inland… the Aztec ruler, Montezuma waited Montezuma welcomed the Spanish – food, riches, a palace to stay in Overthrowing the Aztecs

31. Overthrowing the Aztecs • Cortés tricked Montezuma into becoming his prisoner and took control of the city • 1520 – Aztecs rebelled against the Spanish, Montezuma died, Spanish fled • 1521 – Cortés returned with more soldiers with guns and horses and defeated the Aztecs • Destroyed the Aztec city and built Mexico City – temple was replaced with Catholic church

32. Overthrowing the Incas • 1520s – Spanish moved throughout Central America • Ventured to the rich Inca Empire • Conquistador, Francisco Pizarro, found the capitol in 1531 • Bio - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-Px6ZG_NDQ&list=PLfC0I5G3cT0QstVookV6Bwct9cjW6OcRL

33. Events leading to the fall • 1525: Emperor died of plague; civil war broke out (empire already in chaos) • 1527: Pizarro wanted to discover wealth; embarked on his third voyage to the New World • 1532: Spanish arrived in Peru • Sept. to Nov. 1532: The Cajamarca massacre- Pizarro led 160 Spaniards to slaughterover 2,000 Inca and injuring 5,000

34. Events leading to the fall • November 16, 1532: Atahualpa (leader) captured by Spaniards, offered gold for his freedom. • Pizarro accepted more than 11 tons of gold ($6 million+) but never released Atahualpa. • July 26, 1533: Atahualpa was killed • 1535: Empire lost