Industry and Industrialization

1. Industry and Industrialization

2. The image above is a “coke” bottle. • This is one of the most recognizable symbols of popular culture. • The first coke was sold in 1886. For the year 1886-1887 the company sold nine bottles per day, • Since then the Coca Cola company sells 1.5 billion drinks daily • Coca Cola is one of the largest multinational corporations employing over 90 000 people and operating in over 200 countries.

3. Industry: What is it? • Industry: All economic activity whose goal is to produce material goods • Historically, products were made by craftsmen and were done by hand. • With the rise of the Industrial revolution (see history notes)machines in factories mass produced products. • During this time many people left their farms and began moving into cities, known as urbanization. • Factories were located in major cities.

4. During the 20th century most Western countries ( Western Europe, North America) became industrialized. • Something is considered industrial when: • Transforms raw or basic materials into mass produced goods. • Large sums of money are invested into machinery and labour. • Requires specialized (skilled at one task) labour.

5. What do industries produce? • Almost everything you use in your everyday life is industrially produced. • There are four different types of industry. Heavy Industry • Usually referred to as basic industry. • Involves metal extraction (iron, aluminum, copper, tin, lead) • Includes chemical plants and oil refineries

6. Processing industry • Transforms materials (metal, food, wood) into products to be used by other industries. • Some examples are: paper, plastic, cars

7. High-tech Industries • These industries develop products in fields such as; pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, computers, electronics, aerospace. Consumer goods Industry • This industry develops products such as; processed food, clothing, furniture, and toys.

8. Different industries will change their landscape in different ways. • Different industries will have different needs of their environments. • For example, some processing plants may need to be located next to a body of water. • Some industries may change their landscapes due to the emissions they produce. • Inevitably, all industry will have an impact on their environment.

9. A territory organized around industry • A territory is considered “industrial” when the main source of income is industry. • Industrial territories strongly influence the organization of a region and the lifestyle of its residents. • In an industrial territory land is dominated by industrial activities. • Each territory will differ but there are some basic characteristics that each industrial territory will have.

10. A specific area(s) where industry is concentrated. Ex: industrial or science park. • Road and rail network, which will allow for the transportation of raw materials, finished products, and employees. • Ports and air ports for exporting products. • Energy transportation system (power lines, natural gas, etc.) • Large population to meet labour needs

11. The World’s Industries • Most of the world’s industries are located in the USA, Japan, Germany, UK, France, Canada, and Italy. • These seven countries along with Russia form what is known as the “Group of 8” or the “G8” • The G8 are the richest countries in the world. • Other heavily industrialized countries are also very wealthy. (See page 186 textbook)

12. Industrialization is not progressing at the same rate all over the world. • Gaps have developed between very industrialized countries and those who are beginning to develop. • In recent years there have been countries who have been given the title of “emerging” (becoming industrialized) • These countries are China and South Korea as well as the regions of Taiwan and Singapore.

13. Production • Many multinational companies use “offshoring” to manufacture their products. • Offshoring is when products are made in one or several countries for a company based in another country. • Ex: cars. Companies like Ford and GM are based in the United States but their cars are made in Mexico. • Other products used in building cars: rubber, wires, etc. Will also come form other countries.

14. Why do companies relocate production? • Increase profits workers will make less in less developed countries. Ex: China 0.50$/hour vs. Canada 8.50$/hour • Less restrictions. Some countries have less laws regarding pollution and worker treatment. • Relocation is another name for “offshoring.”

15. Does an area need industry to develop? • Industrialization will allow a region to acquire wealth. • This wealth will contribute to an improvement in living conditions, health and life expectancy. • However, only regions with laws and regulations will benefit from industry. • Many regions do not have laws regarding industrial production and environmental protection.

16. The Great Lakes Region • The Great Lakes region is a very important industrial area for both Canada and the United States. • Through the system of lakes and rivers products can reach as far as New York and Chicago as well as many Canadian destinations • The Great lakes system consists of the St.Lawrence seaway, Hudson and Ottawa rivers, and the 5 Great Lakes (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior)

17. Within this region there are many kilometres of highway and railroad. • There are also 17 major ports and 8 international airports. • This makes transporting products very easy. • The Great Lakes Region is one of the most productive industrial regions in the world. • This region produces roughly 80% of steel and cars. • This region is also home to almost 40 million people.

18. Many major cities have developed within the Great Lakes region. • For example: Toronto, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Milwaukee

19. Why is the Great Lakes region so popular? Abundant Natural Resources • Fertile land to feed a growing population. • Forest resources provide lumber and paper products. • Mining operations provide coal and iron ore. • After year of intensive use some resources are running out, ex: iron ore.

20. A growing population • Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries nearly 50 million immigrants came to North America. • Many of these immigrants settled in the Great Lakes region, because of the large labour demand from factories. (See History notes of Industrial Revolution) • With the increase of population banks and other businesses developed. • Today these are some of the most powerful cities in the world.

21. Exceptional transportation system • The Great Lakes region has five major lakes that connect to the St. Lawrence River. • All of these bodies of water flow into the Atlantic Ocean. • Passage between these bodies of water has not always been easy. • Over the last 200 years systems of canals and locks have been built to connect the lakes and rivers in the Great Lakes region.

22. The locks and canals allow for ships up to 225.5 m long and 200 million tonnes to pass through. • Between Montreal and Lake Superior there is almost 180m difference in elevation. • Lake Superior sits at 184m above sea level where Montreal is only at 6m above sea level.

23. Seas of fresh water • The Great Lakes region holds as much as 20% of all the global fresh water. • Fresh water is what we all use in our daily lives. Ex: Drinking water, washing, cooking, etc. • Fresh water is also necessary for manufacturing. • For example water is used for cooling equipment, testing, and cleaning metals. • Even making cars uses up to 150 000 litres of water per vehicle.

24. Unfortunately industries within the Great Lakes region are abusing the fresh water resources. • Although industries bring in huge sums of money, they are using the fresh water resources at an alarming rate. Despite industry contributing large sums of money to the local economy. Should they be allowed to abuse the fresh water resources?

25. Industry: Effects on the Environment • Industries require huge quantities of natural resources. • For example: building dams, dumping waste, using fresh water. • Industry is exhausting the earth’s supply of natural resources. • In recent history industry and industrial activities are the have been identified as the primary cause of global warming.

26. Global warming is an increase in the Earth’s average temperatures, due to the burning of fossil fuels. (see Nunavut notes) • In recent years experts have begun questioning pollution be major industries. • Governments have been struggling with the question: Can we reduce pollution and greenhouse gases and still keep up our industrial production?

27. Case Study: Automotive Industry • The Great Lakes region houses automotive plants that build close to 80% of all North American cars. • Southern Ontario has several automotive plants. • Detroit,MI is the North American leader in the production of cars. • Detroit is home to GM, Ford, and Chrysler. • Many smaller cities around Detroit have automotive plants as well.

28. Combined GM, Ford, and Chrysler produce roughly 15 million cars per year. Many of these cars are produced in the Great Lakes Region. • The automotive industry employs thousands in Canada and the USA. • Moreover, many other businesses depend on the automotive industry. • However, in recent years many of these plants have been closing. Owners have been relocating production to developing countries.

29. Many North American plants are being relocated to Mexico. • This was done in order for North American cars to remain competitive with the less expensive Japanese cars (Toyota). • Automotive plants moved to Mexico for two major reasons • Workers received lower wages • Less benefits and rights for workers (longer work days, fewer holidays, no insurance, etc.) • This means increase in profits.

30. The Detroit Situation Consider what would happen to an area if an automotive plant was to close down. What would happen to that area?