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Successful transitions to a green economy - Case studies

Successful transitions to a green economy - Case studies . Andrea M.Bassi , Ph.D . Founder and CEO, KnowlEdge Srl Astana, November 13, 2013. Successful transitions?. There are two types of impacts to evaluate National strategies, and implementation

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Successful transitions to a green economy - Case studies

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  1. Successful transitions to a green economy-Case studies Andrea M.Bassi, Ph.D. Founder and CEO, KnowlEdgeSrl Astana, November 13, 2013

  2. Successful transitions? • There are two types of impacts to evaluate • National strategies, and implementation • Sectoral actions plans, and implementation • Green economy sectoral interventions are not a recent discovery • Energy and water efficiency • Integrated plans are innovative in that they incorporate social, economic and environmental factors, and account for avoided costs

  3. Successful transitions? (2)(Energy intensity)

  4. Successful transitions? (3) Sustainable Development – cross cutting

  5. How to assess success: lessons (OECD) • Green-growthpolicies are likely to havebeneficial welfare effects in the long term, but short-termtransitioncostshavehamperedtheirimplementation. • Despite some progress, green-growthframeworksremainlimited in scope. • The mainchallengehereis to coordinate policies and to developindicatorsand instrumentsto monitor implementation progress.

  6. How to assess success: lessons (OECD) • Innovationiskey to foster green growth and could be encouraged by a mix of policieswithin a coherentframework • Countriesneed to pursueefforts to managenaturalresources in a sustainablemanner. Thisrequires the development of indicatorsto properlyvaluenaturalresources.

  7. How to assess success: lessons (OECD) • Countries are concentrating more and more effort to invest in resilientinfrastructure and adaptationpolicies, butadditional public and private financingneed to be mobilised. • Oneimportantchallengeis to overcomeresistance to reforms and to find ways to compensate losers in a cost-effective way.

  8. Case studies: national strategies Republic of Korea: National Strategy for Green Growth and Five Year Plan (2009) • In 2008 the Republic of Korea adopted ‘low carbon green growth’, which was followed shortly after by the release in 2009 of their National Strategy for Green Growth and Five‐Year Plan for Green Growth. • Presidential Commission on Green Growth established in 2009. • The adoption formalisedthrough the country’s National Assembly and the enactment of a Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth.

  9. Case studies: national strategies (2) Kingdom of Cambodia: National Green Growth Road Map (2009) • Itrecognisesthatuncoordinated, ill‐sequenced and disconnected sectoral policieswillnot green the economy. • Led by the Ministry of the Environment through an inter‐ministerialworkinggroup and proposes to establish a new National Ministerial Green GrowthCouncil for implementation.

  10. Case studies: national strategies (3) Republic of South Africa: New GrowthPath, Green Economy Accord (2011) • Led by the Economic Development Department • A partnership betweengovernment, the business community, the trade union movement and community organisations to create large numbers of jobs, provide a spur for industrialisation and help to create a sustainable future for current and future generations.

  11. Case studies: national strategies (4)

  12. Case studies: sectoral strategies • Two options to review sectoral success stories: • Technologies • Ongoing development, several in the pipeline. • Sectoral interventions (i.e. policies) • Over 400 cases collected for Rio+20.

  13. Main advantages: • Technology development and international leadership • Private sector profitability (from leadership) • Employment creation • Low carbon development (replacing coal with wind power) Wind power: 1980 – 2010 (grid parity) Denmark Solar power : 1990 – 2020 (grid parity) • Main advantages: • Technology development and international leadership • Potential private sector profitability (from leadership) • Employment creation • Low carbon development (power storage capacity) China Hydrogen: 1990 • Main advantages: • Technology development and international leadership • Potential private sector profitability (from leadership and use of technology) • New business opportunities from waste reuse • Improved performance across sectoral value chains • Employment creation • Reduced pollution (also avoiding costs of remediation) Algae (remediation): 2008 Wastewater treatment and CO2 sequestration (2018) Biorefinery development, high value compounds (investment driven) 1980 2010 1990 2000 2020 ?? Today

  14. UNDP-GEF "Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings" • Kyrgyzstan • Type of intervention: • Policy: development of building codes • Technical support: creation of a catalog of technical solutions for the thermal protection of buildings • Funding: co-funding and in-kind contribution with foreign donor (Turkey) • Capacity building: developed and put in place training courses on the design of energy efficient buildings. • Expected impacts: • Sectoral: reduced energy consumption and costs; • Cross-sectoral: employment creation; long term support to colleges and universities.

  15. UNDP-GEF "Development of small water power plants" • Kyrgyzstan • Type of intervention: • Policy: development of a legal framework providing additional support for investment in renewable energy sector • Technical support: creation of pilot projects to show the feasibility of the approach • Funding: seed funding and in-kind contribution • Capacity building: practical training seminars for health professionals to teach the use of renewable energy sources and their use in the buildings of rural obstetric division. • Expected impacts: • Sectoral: increase power supply; increase the reliability of energy supply in rural obstetric division; reduces the use of fossil fuels. • Cross-sectoral: employment creation; reduced emissions.

  16. Japan ODA“Solar Power System, Diakov Hospital” • Tajikistan • Type of intervention: • Investment – Solar Power System, Diakov Hospital • Funding: Foreign donor (Japan’s Official Development Assistance) • Expected impacts • Sectoral: Increase in energy supply from renewable sources • Cross sectoral 1: Positive impacts on healthcare supply (more energy supply for health machinery) • Cross sectoral 2: Reduction of GHG emissions and pollution

  17. UNDP-GEF, “Demonstrating Local Responses to Combating Land Degradation and Improving Sustainable Land Management in SW Tajikistan” • Tajikistan • Type of intervention: • Policy: Sustainable Land Management (SLM) • Funding : GEF • Expected impacts • Sectoral 1: Improved agricultural and water management practices to reduce land degradation • Sectoral 2: Erosion control through forestry and tree planting • Cross sectoral 1: Savings on water resulting in increased water availability for other uses • Capacity-building: Training of local government and civil society structures on SLM

  18. Case studies: urban planning (Curitiba, Brazil) • Actions: pollution control and city services. • Results: • Reduced transportation time: the per capita income loss due to severe congestion is ~11 and 7 times lower than in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, respectively. • Employment: 50,000 direct jobs and 150,000 indirect jobs, and about 20% of the state's exports are from the “Curitiba Industrial City”. • Energy consumption: 3% lower than in Brazil's other major cities. • Recycling: 70% of the city's residents, and 13% of solid waste is recycled. • Property values of neighboring areas has appreciated, and tax revenues have increased. • Reduced flood mitigation expenditures by promotion of park development in flood- prone areas (the cost of this strategy is estimated to be 5% lower than building concrete canals).

  19. Necessaryfeatures for success (2)

  20. Necessaryfeatures for success

  21. Detailed Case Studies

  22. Detailed Case Studies: Heart of Borneo • Realization of the study “Heart of Borneo – Investing in Nature for a Green Economy” • Modeling approach to project costs and benefits of green economy interventions to sustain natural capital in HoB • Complications due to heterogeneity (three countries involved: Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei) • Communication challenges between ministries

  23. Detailed Case Studies: Heart of Borneo Key messages: • The process was driven by Rio+20 • Four levels of influence: • National: • National planning is influenced by the HoB study (although it needs to be scaled up) • WWF participates in the definition of long term national development plans (e.g., MP3EI) • Inter-ministerial: • HoB report helps recognize that ministries often have simultaneous contrasting objectives • HoB report got formal and informal support by the governments and it helps shape the policy debate.

  24. Detailed Case Studies: Heart of Borneo • Local (district level): • Change in policies and modification of land use plans • Translation and training of the locals allowed to have impact locally • Donors: • The report shaped donors’ approach to intervention in Indonesia • Focus more on longer term development/impactsand socio-economic impacts of all environment-related projects (land use particularly). • Impact visible at all levels, both top-down and bottom-up. Although national progress is slow, district progress is quick.

  25. Detailed Case Studies: Mozambique Green Economy • Three main level of engagement at the country level: • Collaborating with Government(President; Ministry of Environment); • Creating partnerships (multi-stakeholder approach), especially with other international organizations (WB, AfDB, MI, etc.); • Reaching policy making by promoting concepts like green jobs and resource efficiency (to promote economic growth).

  26. Detailed Case Studies: Mozambique Key messages: • Work on land use (bottom up) is successful but there are limitations: • Political traction • Financing element • GE work (top down) complements work on land use • Helps influence the macro development plan • Makes (possibly) resources available to reduce the causes of land degradation and loss of ecosystems • Uses political traction, but at a different level

  27. Potential upcoming success stories • Uzbekistan: newlyestablishedRegionalCentre for Renewable Energy Sources (RCRES) recently in Tashkent. • Turkmenistan: recentlyestablishedregional centre on climate and technologytransfer (Technology Transfer for Climate Change).

  28. Thank you!For more information you can find me at:andrea.bassi@ke-srl.com

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