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CHINA

CHINA. Unit 7. The Tang Dynasty. Li Yuan Emperor Tang Taizong Policies. Li Yuan. Tang Taizong. Class Struggle During the Tang Dynasty. Class distinctions Disagreements within the ruling class. Tang Government After the Rebellion. Power of regional administrators

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CHINA

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  1. CHINA Unit 7

  2. The Tang Dynasty • Li Yuan • Emperor Tang Taizong • Policies Li Yuan Tang Taizong

  3. Class Struggle During the Tang Dynasty • Class distinctions • Disagreements within the ruling class

  4. Tang Government After the Rebellion • Power of regional administrators • Power of court eunuchs • New legal code and administrative procedures • Backlash against some foreign ideas A Tang-era Emperor

  5. The Bureaucracy of Merit • Competitive exams • Altered the class of people receiving governmental positions • Conflicts between the new and established officials • “Rule of Avoidance” Taking exams in the presence of the emperor

  6. Chang’an’s Splendor • Cosmopolitan city • City design demonstrated planning and grandeur • The market • Culture and pastimes • Architecture Polo, a game from Persia, was a favorite sport in Chang’an

  7. Tang Innovations • Printing • Papermaking • Shipbuilding • A variety of other Chinese inventions Papermaking

  8. Foreign Interaction • Reestablishment of tributary relationships • Contact with southwest Asia • Changes in clothing • New pastimes • Diffusion of crops and foodstuffs • Increasing trade, including silk Woodcut of a woman winding silk

  9. The Great Peasant Uprising • Land scramble • Displaced many peasants • Taxes on peasants • Peasant revolts in 860 and 874 Depiction of a Chinese peasant revolt

  10. Growing Weakness in the Tang • Moved south • Weakened imperial economy • Weakened bureaucracy • Decreased position of peasants Weakened agriculture in the north forced many people to emigrate south

  11. Collapse of the Tang Dynasty • An Lushan Rebellion • Ineffective control over military and court officials • Series of rebellions • Usurpation of Tang power in 907 • The Ten Kingdoms Mounted Khitan noble dressed in Chinese silk

  12. The Song Dynasty • 960–1279 • Unification • Prosperity Emperor Taizu

  13. Song Dynasty, Mid-11th Century

  14. Reestablishment of Central Control under the Song • Economic recovery • Established capital at Kaifeng • Population increased • Cities recovered Scene from the capital city of Kaifeng

  15. Governmental Development of the Song • Recovery of power • Rebuilt the scholar-gentry • Emperor appointed new regional leaders Scholar-philosopher Ouyang Xiu

  16. Age of the Civil Government • The best and most educated • Levels of advancement in the exam system • Officials were regularly evaluated for performance • Good government and stability Exam Hall at Nanjing

  17. The Song and the Economy • Improved economy • Expansion • Control over revenues • Industry A Chinese coin

  18. The Economy and Foreign Contact • Korea as tributary state • Trade increased Cultivation and processing of tea

  19. Trade and the Song • Sea routes to southeast Asia and India • Ports • Navigational technology • Agriculture • Foreign and regional trade Silk was a highly traded commodity in the southern Song

  20. The Song Economy • Urban centers • Government revenues • Wealthier than north • Problems Marketplaces were popular in Hangzhou, the southern Song capital

  21. Social Structure • Merchants and artisans became a new class • Women’s status worsened • Laws • Education Women were considered a subordinate class in Song society

  22. Footbinding • Used in the Song Dynasty by the upper classes to indicate status • Not a widespread practice An X-ray of feet exposed to massive footbinding

  23. Song Technological Innovations • Neo-Confucianism sparked an interest in science • Agriculture, manufacturing, transportation advances • Mathematics and timekeeping Zhu Xi, founder of Neo-Confucianism

  24. Military Advances • Produced strong steel weapons • Use of iron • Created body armor • Began to use projectiles and gunpowder The Chinese used projectiles to counter tribal cavalries

  25. Collapse of the Song • Mongols: strong cavalry • Defeated the Jin in 1234 • Defeated the Song and established the Yuan Dynasty in 1279 Mongol horsemen hunting with Kublai Khan

  26. China, the Mongols, and Beyond • Medieval period ended with collapse of the Song • Ming restoration • Impact of developments in medieval China Genghis Khan, Mongol leader and conqueror

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