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Introduction to Hyper-V

Introduction to Hyper-V . Welcome!. Introduction. Clyde Johnson President, Boston Area Windows Server User Group www.windowsboston.org Senior Systems Manager with 28 years in Hi-Tech with 16 in IT. MCITP: Enterprise administrator MCSE: NT 4.0, 2000 and 2003. Description.

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Introduction to Hyper-V

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  1. Introduction to Hyper-V Welcome!

  2. Introduction Clyde Johnson President, Boston Area Windows Server User Group www.windowsboston.org Senior Systems Manager with 28 years in Hi-Tech with 16 in IT. MCITP: Enterprise administrator MCSE: NT 4.0, 2000 and 2003

  3. Description • Type 1 Hypervisor based virtualization platform • Windows Server 2008 x64 Edition technology • Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter Editions • Role on Windows 2008 R2 in both Core and full Version

  4. Architecture

  5. Hardware Requirements • x64 server with hardware assisted virtualization • AMD AMD-V or Intel VT • Hardware enabled Data Execution Prevention (DEP) required • AMD (NX no execute bit) • Intel (XD execute disable) Note: Enabling these BIOS features requires powering down (not rebooting) the server to take effect

  6. Hyper-V • Capabilities • 32-bit (x86) & 64-bit (x64) VMs • Large memory support (64 GB) per VM • SMP VMs (up to 4 cores) • Integrated cluster support for HA & Quick Migration • BitLocker: Seamless, secure data encryption • Live Backup: Volume Shadow Service integration • Pass-through disk access for VMs • Virtual Machine snapshots • New hardware sharing architecture (VSP/VSC/VMBus) • Disk, networking, input, video • Robust networking: VLANs and NLB • DMTF standard for WMI management interface • Support for Full or Server Core installations

  7. Windows Server 2008 R2 - Hyper-V • Better flexibility • Live Migration • Cluster Shared Volumes • Hot Add/remove of Storage • Processor compatibility mode for live migration • Improved performance • Improved memory management • TCP Offload support • Virtual Machine Queue (VMQ) Support • Improved Networking • Second Level Address Translation • Greater Scalability • At 64 logical processor support • Enhance Green IT with Core Parking

  8. Dynamic Memory • New feature in Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 • Upgrade the Guest Integration Components • Higher VM density across all nodes • Memory allocated to VMs is dynamically adjusted in real time • “Ballooning” makes memory pages non-accessible to the VM, until they are needed • Does not impact Task Scheduler or other memory-monitoring utilities • Memory Priority Value is configurable per VM • Higher priority for those with higher performance requirements • Ensure you have enough free memory on other nodes for failure recovery

  9. Second Level Address Translation(SLAT) • Goes by several names • Intel calls it Extended Page Tables (EPT) • AMD calls it Nested Page Tables (NPT) or Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI) • Processor provides two levels of translation • Walks the guest OS page tables directly • No need to maintain Shadow Page Table • No hypervisor code for demand-fill or flush operations • Resource savings • Hypervisor CPU time drops to 2% • Roughly 1MB of memory saved per VM

  10. Virtual Machine Queue (VMQ) • Overview • NIC can DMA packets directly into VM memory • VM Device buffer gets assigned to one of the queues • Avoids packet copies in the VSP • Avoids route lookup in the virtual switch (VMQ Queue ID) • Allows the NIC to essentially appear as multiple NICs on the physical host (queues) • Benefits • Host no longer has device DMA data in its own buffer resulting in a shorter path length for I/O (performance gain)

  11. Networking • Jumbo Frame Support • Ethernet frames >1,500 bytes • Ad hoc standard is ~9k • Overview • Enables 6x larger payload per packet • Benefits • Improves throughput • Reduce CPU utilization of large file transfers Ensure All Network Segments Have Jumbo Frames Enabled! C:\>Ping.exe –l 9000 <src>

  12. TCP Offload support • Overview • TCP/IP traffic in a VM can be offloaded to a physical NIC on the host computer • Benefits • Reduce CPU burden • Networking offload to improve performance • Live Migration is supported with Full TCP Offload

  13. Windows Server 2008 R2Core parking • Overview • Scheduling virtual machines on a single server for density as opposed to dispersion • This allows “park/sleep” cores by putting them in deep C states • Benefits • Enhances Green IT by reducing CPU power consumption

  14. Security • Isolation • No sharing of virtualized devices • Separate VMBus instance per vm to the parent • No sharing of memory • Each has its own address space • VMs cannot communicate with each other, except through traditional networking • Guests can’t perform DMA attacks because they’re never mapped to physical devices • Guests cannot write to the hypervisor • Parent partition cannot write to the hypervisor

  15. Hyper-V Networking • Two physical network adapters at minimum • One for management • One (or more) for VM networking • Dedicated NIC(s) for iSCSI • Connect parent to back-end management network • Only expose guests to internet traffic • Types • Private (between VM’s only • Internal (Host and VM’s) • External (On the network. Limited by the # of NIC’s)

  16. Management OS VM1 VM2 Virtual Machine Switch Routing VLAN Filtering Data Copy VM NIC2 VM NIC1 Port 1 Port 2 Miniport Driver VMBus NIC TCP/IP TCP/IP Ethernet Hyper-V network I/O path

  17. Integration Services • Time synchronization • Heartbeat • Shutdown • Key/Value pair exchange • Volume Shadow-Copy Service (VSS)

  18. Flexible Disk Format • Performance wise from fastest to slowest… • Fixed Disk VHDs/Pass Through Disks • Slight performance difference • Dynamically Expanding VHDs • Grow as needed • Do not use for production workloads • Pass Through Disks • VM writes directly to a disk/LUN without encapsulation in a VHD • Cons: • You can’t use VM snapshots • Dedicating a disk to a vm

  19. Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV) • CSV provides a single consistent file name space; All Windows Server 2008 R2 servers see the same storage • Easy setup; Uses NTFS • No reformatting SANs • Create one big data store • No more drive letter problems • Existing tools just work • Migrate one Machine at a time

  20. Cluster Shared Volumes • All servers “see” the same storage

  21. Server Core • Minimal installation option • Provides essential server functionality • Command Line Interface only, no GUI Shell • Benefits • Less code results in fewer patches • Low surface area server for targeted roles • More secure and reliable with less management

  22. Core Configurator 2.0 • VERY useful for Managing CORE servers • Written in Powershell Product Licensing Networking Features DCPromo Tool ISCSI Settings Server Roles and Features User and Group Permissions Share Creation and Deletion Dynamic Firewall settings Display | Screensaver Add & Remove Drivers Proxy settings Windows Updates (Inc. WSUS) Multipath I/O Hyper-V including VM Thumbs Join Domain Computer rename Add/remove programs Services WinRM http://coreconfig.codeplex.com/ • Complete logging of all commands executed

  23. Best Practices • Do NOT use snapshots in production. • Use CoreConfig to help manage your servers • Ensure High-Speed Access to Storage • Install Multiple Network Interface Cards • Dedicate one Network interface to Administration • Avoid mixing VM’s that can and cannot use integration Services • Configure Antivirus to bypass Hyper-V processes and Directories.

  24. Best Practices (continued) • Run Anti-Virus within your guests. • Rename Virtual switches to be identical on all your Hyper-V. • Think of Naming Standards now. • Enterprise Edition lets you have 4 Licensed VM’s at no cost.

  25. Looking at Hyper-V Performance • Measuring Processor Usage • Measuring the physical host computer’s (Root Partition) Processor Capacity • Hyper-V Hypervisor Logical Processor(*)\% Total Run Time: The percentage of time spent by the processor in guest and hypervisor code. • Measuring Guest Computer Processor Utilization • \HyperVisor Hyper-V Logical Processors(*)\% Guest Run Time:

  26. Looking at Hyper-V Performance • Measure Memory usage • Measuring Available Memory on the Hyper-V Host Computer: • \Memory\Available MBytes: Available MBytes is the amount of physical memory available to processes running on the computer, in Megabytes. • Same for measuring memory usage in the Virtual machine

  27. What about… • Heterogeneous Virtualization Management • Physical to Virtual Conversion (P2V) • Virtual to Virtual Conversion (V2V) • Virtual Server to Hyper-V • VMware to Hyper-V • Virtual Machine Library • PowerShell Scripting • Delegated Administration • Virtual Machine Authoring • VM Templates/Cloning • Failover Cluster Integration

  28. What’s new in VMM 2008 R2 • Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V Host Management • Enhanced Support for SAN Transfers • Enhanced Support for Shared Storage • Quick Storage Migration • Maintenance Mode for Hosts • Support for VMware Port Groups for Virtual Switches • Support for Virtual Machine Permissions Assigned in Hyper-V

  29. Windows Server 8 • New • Client Hyper-V (in Windows 8 Consumer preview) • Hyper-V Module for Windows Powershell • Hyper-V Replica • Storage Migration • Virtual Fibre Channel • Updated • Live Migration of non-clustered VM’s and Multiple instances • Significant Scale and resiliency increases. • Virtual Hard disk Format (64TB) • Virtual Switch. • Client requires SLAT processor. Server only requires it if the RemoteFX role is enabled

  30. NIC Teaming • Builtin to the OS and supported • Simplified deployment & support • Load balancing and failover(LBFO) • Aggregate bandwidth • Use different model & vendor NICs • http://blogs.msdn.com/b/virtual_pc_guy/

  31. Virtualization Resources • Microsoft Virtualization • Web: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization • Technet: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/default.aspx • System Center Virtual Machine Manager • Web: http://www.microsoft.com/scvmm • Hyper-V • http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/hyperv.aspx • Microsoft Application Virtualization (formerly SoftGrid) • Web: http://www.microsoft.com/systemcenter/appv/default.mspx • Terminal Services • Blog: http://blogs.msdn.com/ts/ • Web: www.microsoft.com/terminalserver • Virtual PC 2007 • Web: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualpc

  32. Online Resources Microsoft Virtualization Home: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization Windows Server Virtualization Blog Site: http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/default.aspx Windows Server Virtualization TechNet Site: http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/servermanager/virtualization.mspx MSDN & TechNet Powered by Hyper-V http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2008/05/20/msdn-and-technet-powered-by-hyper-v.aspx Virtualization Solution Accelerators http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/solutionaccelerators/cc197910.aspx How to install the Hyper-V role http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/hyperv-install.aspx Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V Performance Tuning Guide http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/sysperf/Perf_tun_srv.mspx Using Hyper-V & BitLocker White Paper http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=2c3c0615-baf4-4a9c-b613-3fda14e84545&DisplayLang=en

  33. Failover Cluster resources • Cluster Team Blog: http://blogs.msdn.com/clustering/ • Clustering Forum: http://forums.technet.microsoft.com/en-US/winserverClustering/threads/ • Cluster Resources: http://blogs.msdn.com/clustering/archive/2009/08/21/9878286.aspx • Cluster Information Portal: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/clustering-home.aspx • Clustering Technical Resources: http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/clustering-resources.aspx • Windows Server 2008 R2 Cluster Features: http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd443539.aspx

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