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Band Societies, Present and Past

Band Societies, Present and Past. Wilson- Chapter 5 Indigenous South Americans of the Past and Present. The Paleoindian Period. ~13,000- 10,000 B.P. Climate and Vegetation Hunters and gatherers (Andes) Climatic changes in the northeastern lowlands tropical rain forests Flora and Fauna

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Band Societies, Present and Past

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  1. Band Societies, Present and Past Wilson- Chapter 5 Indigenous South Americans of the Past and Present

  2. The Paleoindian Period • ~13,000- 10,000 B.P. • Climate and Vegetation • Hunters and gatherers (Andes) • Climatic changes in the northeastern lowlands tropical rain forests • Flora and Fauna • Figure 5.13: camelid, paleolama, hippidium, megatherium (giant sloth), arctotherium (bear). • Butchering marks evidence (hearths, dwellings).

  3. The Paleoindian Period • Key Paleoindian Sites: (see figure 5.1) • Fell’s Cave • Monte Verde Site • Pikimachay Cave • Tibitó Site • Taima-Taima Site • CavernaDaPedraPintada • PedraFurada Rock Shelter

  4. Band-level Marginality • The Ona and Yahgan • Physical Environment • North- P’amica • South Hamska • South eastern- Aush • Mode of Production • Meat- guanaco, and cururos (summer) and marine mammals • Settlement Pattern • Low population • Huts made with skin over poles & moss • Mode of Reproduction • .10-.11 per square mile • High infant mortality • Tallest (males 173 meters, women 160 mts.)

  5. The Ona • Domestic Economy • Clothing and body paint • Guanaco fat mixed with red soil • Body paint: red, black and white • Symbolic meaning? • Social Organization • Monogamous, exogamous • Patrilocal & levirate • Klóketen (boys’ initiation) • Political Economy • Headman, 38 territories • Dead whales • warfare • Ritual and Leadership • Shamans (Xon )and the darts • Klóketen • Ideology – Mythological heroes: Sun & Moon

  6. Band-level Marginality • Yahgan-Yamána • Physical Environment • South archipelago • Temperatures range 2˚-8˚C • Fauna • Mode of Production • Hunters and Gatherers-sea mammals • Canoes • Food sources • Settlement Pattern • Two types: East & West, mobility • Mode of Reproduction • Methods for birth control • Shortest indigenous people (men 160 & women 145 centimeters)

  7. The Yagan-Yamána • Domestic Economy • Fire • Clothing & fish oil , body paint • Social Organization • Nuclear, monogamy, sororate, bride wealth and gender equality • Political Economy • 5 dialect groups, separatists, high sense of honor, low warfare • Ritual and Leadership • Puberty rite • themes • Ideology • Watauineiwa

  8. Band-level Marginality • The Nukak • Physical Environment • 10,000 square miles • Rainforest climate • Mode of Production • Fauna • Flora- horticulturalists • Settlement Pattern • High mobility- factors? • Mode of Reproduction • Tribe size, family size

  9. The Nukak • Domestic Economy • Depilation of body & face paint • Facial expressions • Social Organization • Small kin groups • Monogamous,& exogamous • Political Economy • Extended affiliations, endogamous and territorial • Ritual and Leadership • Ideology • Taboos & three levels to the world

  10. Conclusion • Effects of colonization on band-level groups • Effects of climate and resources • Contemporary band societies • Similarities? • Differences? • Continuity?

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