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Immunity & Disease

Immunity & Disease. Ch 38 Immunity = protection against an invading foreign substance. Disease:= “ dis-ease” Imbalance Chronic = long term Acute = short term Caused by pathogens environment, genetics, poor nutrition. Health: Homeostasis Proper exercise Nutrition Stress relief

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Immunity & Disease

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  1. Immunity & Disease Ch 38 Immunity = protection against an invading foreign substance

  2. Disease:=“dis-ease” Imbalance Chronic = long term Acute = short term Caused by pathogens environment, genetics, poor nutrition Health: Homeostasis Proper exercise Nutrition Stress relief Strong Immune System = Natural Defense Disease/ Health

  3. Host = “hostess”of the Pathogen party! Pathogen/ Host Pathogen: • “pathos”=suffering • Disease causing agent • Bacteria • Virus • Protist parasite • Fungus, Mold

  4. Innate=Early defenses: WBC= Phagocytes & Macrophages Skin,Tears, Saliva,Mucus, Sweat Histamines= swelling Acquired=Build up Resistance: Immune response Lymph system Antibody /Cellularimmunity= type of cells involved Passive/Active= type of exposure Innate versus Acquired Immunity

  5. The Skin:Innate Immunity

  6. Acquired Immunity • Immune System • Specific • Active=Natural exposure elicits immune response or vaccination • Passive= from mother or injection of antibodies

  7. Cells of the Immune Response

  8. Macrophage (WBC) engulfs a bacterium in the immune system:

  9. Lymph system: fluids & Macrophage WBC with lymph nodes

  10. Antigen: Invading foreign substance Pathogen or Toxic chemical Elicits the immune response Antibody: “anti”=against Body’s reaction to an antigen invasion Blood protein Made in the immune response by plasma B cells Antibody/Antigen

  11. Green antibody battles a red antigen!

  12. Antigen-antibody complex: • Unique chemical fit • Once infected the anti body “memory” is stored= • Immunity or protection when invaded again

  13. Hybrid cell producing antibodies:

  14. Virulence: “strength” of a pathogen to over come the immune defenses Amount & entry Length of exposure Individual’s health Toxin: “toxic” Harmful substance Living or dead Cause disease Virulence/ Toxin

  15. AIDS = break down of the immune system & death due to common diseases versus death by AIDS virus

  16. Strep bacteria of Rheumatic Fever

  17. Germ Theory • Microorganisms can cause disease • Microorganism= tiny unseen organism • Louis Pasteur in mid 1800’s

  18. Infection: A growth of a disease causing organism: • In the host Depends upon the : • Person’s health • Amount of infection • Environmental conditions

  19. Disinfectant: • Chemicals that kill disease causing microorganisms • Use to sterilize wounds & tools • Discovered by Lister • “Listerine” mouthwash

  20. Medicinal Leeches & Blood letting:

  21. Skull boring to drive out evil spirits of an ill person!

  22. Penicillin mold anti-bactericide:

  23. Koch’s Postulates: Rules demonstrating microorganisms cause disease: • Isolate germ • Grow it in culture • Inject it • Look for the disease

  24. Infectious disease: Tuberculosis Lung Disease Disease transmitted from one individual to another Spread by • Water • Air • Direct contact

  25. Carrier: • Carry the disease • But show NO symptoms • Infectious & spread the disease

  26. Staphylococcus Bacteria • Causes sore throat • Spread by carriers • Also pimples • Cleanliness is important Coccus = Round shaped bacteria

  27. Toxin: • Poisons produced by an organism • Causes harm to other organisms Example: • Tetanus bacteria • Poison Brazilian darts

  28. Viruses HIV virus Flu virus Polio virus Protozoans Amebic dysentery Malaria Fungi Athlete’s foot Ringworm Yeast infections Other microorganisms & disease:

  29. Yeast Infections:

  30. Cynobacteria & Heterotroph Makes its own food! Salmonella Eats others

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