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VERB RECOGNITION

This helpful assistant provides information and examples for recognizing verb forms, including verb endings, theme vowels, and conjugation patterns in different tenses. It also includes special endings to remember separately.

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VERB RECOGNITION

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  1. VERB RECOGNITION

  2. ACTIVE -ō/m -s -t -mus -tis -nt IMPERATIVE: -[zero] -te PASSIVE/DEPONENT -or/r -ris -tur -mur -minī -ntur IMPERATIVE: -re -minī PERSONAL ENDINGS

  3. THEME VOWELS - A • -ā(swallowed by `ō’, shortened by `nt’, final `m’, final `t’, or final `r’) • present tense of –āre verbs: e.g. clāmant, they shout • (after `b’) imperfect: e.g. laudābāminī, you (pr.) were being praised • (after `er’) imperfect of sum, pluperfect of any verb: e.g. laudāverant, they had praised • (in –am/-ar) `I’ form of future of -ere and -īre verbs: e.g. loquar, I will speak

  4. THEME VOWELS - E • -ē/e(never long before `ō’ or -nt, final `m’ , final `t’ or final `r’ ) • present tense of –ēre verbs: e.g. vidēris,you (sing.) are seen • future tense of –ere and –īre verbs: e.g. dīcet, he/she will say; loquēris, you will speak; audient, they will listen • (only if short before passive/dep. ending –ris) present of –ere verb: e.g. loqueris, you (sing.) speak

  5. THEME VOWELS - I • -ī/i(never long before `ō’ or -nt, final `m’ or final `t’) • present tense of –īre verbs and (with a short `i’ all the time) of –ere verbs like regō, capiō: e.g. contendit, hastens; interficimus, we kill • (after a perfect stem)perfect tense: e.g. amāvit, he/she loved, vīdimus, we saw • (after `b’) future tense of - āre and -ēre verbs: e.g. ambulābimus, we will walk • (after `er’) future tense of sum, future perfect or perfect subjunctive of all verbs: e.g. cucurrerint, they will have run / they have run

  6. THEME VOWELS -U • -u (usually only before `nt’) • present tense of –ere and –īre verbs: reguntur, they are ruled; audiunt, they hear • (after `b’) future tense of 1st or 2nd. Conj. e.g. amābunt • (with `er’) future tense of sum: e.g. erunt, they will be • (after `ēr’) perfect tense: e.g. aedificāvērunt, they have built

  7. SPECIAL ENDINGS TO REMEMBER SEPARATELY • -istī, -istis: singular and plural `you’ in perfect tense: • Cūr mē relīquistī, Why have you left me? • -ī: `I’ in perfect tense or (with present stem base) passive infinitive: • Eam invēnī, I’ve found her • Urbs defendī nōn potest, The city cannot be defended • theme vowel plus -re: infinitive or passive/deponent singular imperative/indicative • Volunt abīre, They want to go away • Loquere Speak! OR You (sing.) are speaking. • theme vowel plus –rī: passive infinitive • Nōlunt spectārī, They don’t want to be watched • perfect base plus -isse: perfect infinitive • Sciō eum opus perfēcisse, I know he has finished the work • theme vowel without ending: singular imperative • Cantā, Sing! Curre, Run! • theme vowel plus –te: plural imperative • Cantāte, Sing! Currite, Run! • theme vowel plus –bor; `I’ form of future (passive/deponent) • Docēbor, I will be taught

  8. capiunt

  9. capiunt • -`nt’ , so `they’ or plural noun subject

  10. capiunt • -`nt’ , so `they’ or plural noun subject • -u- not preceded by `er’ or `b’, so present tense

  11. capiunt • -`nt’ , so `they’ or plural noun subject • -u- not preceded by `er’ or `b’, so present tense They capture

  12. loquiminī

  13. loquiminī • -minī, so you (plural) passive/deponent

  14. loquiminī • -minī, so you (plural) passive/deponent • -i- not preceded by perfect base or by `b’, so present tense or imperative

  15. loquiminī • -minī, so you (plural) passive/deponent • -i- not preceded by perfect base or by `b’, so present tense or imperative you (plural) speak Speak!

  16. currēbat

  17. currēbat • -t, so he/she or singular noun subject

  18. currēbat • -t, so he/she or singular noun subject • -ba-, so imperfect

  19. currēbat • -t, so he/she or singular noun subject • -ba-, so imperfect He/she was running

  20. faciēmus

  21. faciēmus • -mus, so `we’

  22. faciēmus • -mus, so `we’ • -e- with an –ere verb (faciō, facere), so future

  23. faciēmus • -mus, so `we’ • -e- with an –ere verb (faciō, facere) f, so future We will do

  24. dēfenduntur

  25. dēfenduntur • -ntur, so `they’ or plural noun subject and passive/deponent

  26. dēfenduntur • -ntur, so `they’ or plural noun subject and passive/deponent • -u- not preceded by `er’ or `b’, so present

  27. dēfenduntur • -ntur, so `they’ or plural noun subject and passive/deponent • -u- not preceded by `er’ or `b’, so present (they) are defended

  28. vidēbāris

  29. vidēbāris • -ris, so you (sing.), passive/deponent

  30. vidēbāris • -ris, so you (sing.), passive/deponent • -bā- so imperfect

  31. vidēbāris • -ris, so you (sing.), passive/deponent • -bā- so imperfect You were being seen

  32. laudāverant

  33. laudāverant • -nt, so `they’, or plural noun subject

  34. laudāverant • -nt, so `they’, or plural noun subject • -era- after perfect base so pluperfect

  35. laudāverant • -nt, so `they’, or plural noun subject • -era- after perfect base so pluperfect (they) had praised

  36. sequere

  37. sequere • -re after a theme vowel on a deponent verb, so singular imperative or indicative 2nd. person singular

  38. sequere • -re after a theme vowel on a deponent verb, so singular imperative or indicative 2nd. person singular Follow! OR You (sing.) are following

  39. aedificāverimus

  40. aedificāverimus • -mus, so `we’

  41. aedificāverimus • -mus, so `we’ • -eri- after perfect base so future perfect

  42. aedificāverimus • -mus, so `we’ • -eri- after perfect base so future perfect We will have built

  43. cōnābor

  44. cōnābor • -bor, `I’-form future passive/deponent

  45. cōnābor • -bor, `I’-form future passive/deponent I will try

  46. dēfendī • -ī on `dēfend-’, which is both the present stem of an –ere verb and also the perfect base. What are the two possibilities?

  47. dēfendī • -ī on `dēfend-’, which is both the present stem of an –ere verb and also the perfect base. What are the two possibilities? • EITHER the passive infinitive

  48. dēfendī • -ī on `dēfend-’, which is both the present stem of an –ere verb and also the perfect base. What are the two possibilities? • EITHER the passive infinitive • OR the `I’ form of the perfect

  49. dēfendī • -ī on `dēfend-’, which is both the present stem of an –ere verb and also the perfect base. What are the two possibilities? • EITHER the passive infinitive • OR the `I’ form of the perfect To be defended OR I defended

  50. audiētis

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