Achieving the MDGs: RBA Training Workshop Module 6: Urban Development Investment Cluster May 9-12, 2005

1. Achieving the MDGs: RBA Training Workshop Module 6: Urban Development Investment Cluster May 9-12, 2005

2. Introduction The urban development investment cluster includes interventions that are crucial for: • slum upgrading and providing alternatives to the formation of new slums • urban infrastructure • urban services • creating a productive urban environment and fostering private sector development www.unmillenniumproject.org

3. Key Actors Strategies for urban development require coordinated action at several levels. Local authorities should be involved in directing and coordinating the process. Roles will need to be defined among: • local authorities • organizations of the urban poor • private sector (formal and informal) • central government • district/state/provincial authorities • line ministries www.unmillenniumproject.org

4. Key Areas of Intervention • Slum upgrading and providing alternatives to slum formation • Urban Infrastructure • Water supply and sanitation • Water resources management and infrastructure • Transport • Energy • Urban services • Urban private sector development www.unmillenniumproject.org

5. Slum Upgrading and Alternatives to Slum Formation-Choose Interventions • Purchase or provision of land where necessary. • Strengthening of land management systems and institutions charged with improving the security of tenure. • Supporting incremental improvements to and construction of new housing. • Negotiated relocation of slum dwellers where absolutely necessary. • Development of accessible, well-located and integrated new settlement areas including designation of plots and provision of trunk infrastructure. • Creation of secondary financing market for housing improvements www.unmillenniumproject.org

6. Slum Upgrading and Alternatives to Slum Formation-Define Targets Global Targets: • Improve the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020 • Provide alternatives to the formation of new slums and stop the growth of slums by 2006 Translating targets to the National Level: • calculate national “share” of the 100 million • Estimate number of potential slum dwellers for preventative interventions • Alternately: Using 1990 baseline, halve the proportion of slum dwellers by 2020 www.unmillenniumproject.org

7. Slum Upgrading and Alternatives to Slum Formation-Resource Needs Estimation • Slum-upgrading and preventive interventions can be estimated on a per-recipient basis • Analysis should estimate scope for financial contributions by households • Estimates should include needed investments in revolving loans to leverage resources from the slum dwellers • Simple needs assessment tool available from Millennium Project www.unmillenniumproject.org

8. Slum Upgrading and Alternatives to Formation-Indicative Results for sub-Saharan Africa • Financing: • 10% through direct contributions by slum dwellers • 30% financed through revolving loans • 60% external financing www.unmillenniumproject.org

9. Key Areas of Intervention • Slum upgrading and providing alternatives to slum formation • Urban Infrastructure: • Water supply and sanitation • Water resources management and infrastructure • Transport • Energy • Urban services • Urban private sector development www.unmillenniumproject.org

10. Urban Infrastructure Interventions-Water Supply and Sanitation • Provision and operation of infrastructure for water supply, including water treatment as necessary. • Maintenance and extension of trunk infrastructure for urban water supply, including intake works, treatment facilities and reservoirs. • Construction and operation of private sanitation facilities and public sewers, including emptying of pits and safe disposal of sullage. • Construction and operation of simple sewage and other wastewater treatment facilities where needed to meet specific environmental concerns • Support for a programme of public education around issues of water, waste, sanitation and hygiene www.unmillenniumproject.org

11. Urban Infrastructure Interventions- Water Resources Mgmt and Infra • Urban flood management • Watershed protection • Storm drainage infrastructure • Systems and institutions for integrated water resources management www.unmillenniumproject.org

12. Urban Infrastructure Interventions-Energy • Support the use of modern cooking fuels and modern cooking devices • Interventions to reduce the adverse health impacts from cooking with biomass • Electrification of all urban areas with a priority on schools and health facilities • Financing mechanisms to spread out the costs of infrastructure investments • Bill collection and monitoring interventions (such as smart cards and personnel) www.unmillenniumproject.org

13. Urban Infrastructure Interventions-Transport • Infrastructure for mass transport (e.g. bus lanes for “bus rapid transit” where appropriate.) • Upgrading, construction, and maintenance of urban roads and footpaths, including curbing, streetlights, and other interventions to improve both road and pedestrian safety and reduce the number of road accidents and pedestrian deaths. • Operation of transport services for emergency health care and other critical social services. www.unmillenniumproject.org

14. Urban Infrastructure Targets-Water Supply and Sanitation • Taking 1990 as the baseline year, halve the proportion of people in urban areas without sustainable access to safe drinking water by 2015 (MDG Target 10. • Taking 1990 as the baseline year, halve the proportion of people in urban areas without sustainable access to basic sanitation by 2015 (MDG Target 10), aiming for all urban areas to completely end the practice of open defecation. • Ensure that by 2015 all urban settlements are provided with adequate storm water drainage. www.unmillenniumproject.org

15. Urban Infrastructure Targets-Energy • By 2015 ensure reliable access to modern energy services (including electricity services and improved fuels and devices) to all households, • By 2015, ensure reliable access to electricity, improved fuels and devices for all urban areas with all schools and health centers connected by 2008. www.unmillenniumproject.org

16. Urban Infrastructure Targets-Transport Possible transport benchmarks include: • Ensure that by 2015 all formal and informal settlements within a city are accessible by paved roads and footpaths. • Ensure that by 2015 all settlements in a city are reached by reliable means of mass transit, such as buses. • Ensure that by 2015 (or earlier) all residents in formal and informal settlements have access to adequate transport services to access emergency health care during for childbirth complications, for example. www.unmillenniumproject.org

17. Urban Infrastructure Resource Needs - Key Points • In comparison to rural areas: • Higher emphasis on networked infrastructure (e.g. electricity and sewers) • Higher ability to pay among users requiring – among other – improved financial services • Include costs of trunk infrastructure • Include resources needed to facilitate cost-recovery where appropriate (staff, financing mechanisms, infrastructure) • Scope for cost-recovery and co-financing should be defined in light of TOTAL household needs • Needs assessment tools available for domestic water supply, sanitation, energy, and slum upgrading. www.unmillenniumproject.org

18. Key Areas of Intervention • Slum upgrading and providing alternatives to slum formation • Urban Infrastructure • Water supply and sanitation • Water resources management and infrastructure • Transport • Energy • Urban services • Urban private sector development www.unmillenniumproject.org

19. Urban ServicesChoose Interventions • Strengthen urban planning and management through investments in human resources, management systems, and equipment • Provision of basic services: • refuse collection and solid waste disposal • policing and security • fire protection • microcredit www.unmillenniumproject.org

20. Urban Services-Define Targets • By 2015 ensure that all solid waste is collected and disposed of in technically sound landfills. • Ensure that by 2015 all settlements within the perimeter of the city are served by adequately staffed, trained and paid police and fire protection services. • By 2015 ensure that 50% of all urban households have access to quality microcredit and other financial services, including savings, credit, insurance, and transfer of remittances. www.unmillenniumproject.org

21. Key Areas of Intervention • Slum upgrading and providing alternatives to slum formation • Urban Infrastructure • Water supply and sanitation • Water resources management and infrastructure • Transport • Energy • Urban services • Urban private sector development www.unmillenniumproject.org

22. Urban Private Sector Development-Choose Interventions • Provision of physical infrastructure to support the development of manufacturing and service industries including the establishment of export processing zones, industrial parks, and other designated areas for private sector development • Promote a positive enabling environment for the informal sector, including the provision of well-located venues for production and marketing • Provision of quality financial services, in particular microfinance, including deposits, credit, insurance, and money transfer mechanisms for micro, small and medium sized enterprises www.unmillenniumproject.org

23. Urban Private Sector Development-Define Targets • Ensure that in addition to sound policies, the private sector has access to adequate infrastructure including industry and science parks, export processing zones or other areas that are specially designated and fitted for private sector activities, including adequate provision for the informal sector. • Ensure that the formal and informal private sector has access to microfinance and other financial services. www.unmillenniumproject.org