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Byzantine Empire and the Rise of Islam

Byzantine Empire and the Rise of Islam. Chapter 8. Essential Question- Section 1. Why was Constantinople a great city?. Constantinople. Constantinople Made by Constantine in 330 Built on site of Greek seaport known as Byzantium Intersection of major trade routes between Asia and Europe

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Byzantine Empire and the Rise of Islam

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  1. Byzantine Empire and the Rise of Islam Chapter 8

  2. Essential Question- Section 1 Why was Constantinople a great city?

  3. Constantinople • Constantinople • Made by Constantine in 330 • Built on site of Greek seaport known as Byzantium • Intersection of major trade routes between Asia and Europe • Constantine called it New Rome • Remember has Rome split in west and then east? Eastern Roman Empire now= Byzantine Empire

  4. Emperor- church and state • Rulers power Absolute= with complete, unrestrained authority • Religion closely linked with politics • One ruler tried to reconquer all of western Roman Empire- Justinian

  5. Justinian • Had official court historian- Procopius • Said Justinian a conscientious ruler • Justinian tried to reconquer lands in the west • Ordered Greek and Latin scholars to compile and simplify the laws • Was successful in reconquering – even took the city of Rome and parts of Africa • Rome went back and forth between rulers • When Byzantines finally controlled power Rome, the city was in ruins • Spread his empire through Spain • The destruction of Rome was caused by Justinian

  6. Justinian’s Code of Laws • Body of Civil Law (Corpus Juris Civilis)- Code of Justinian • Codex Justinian- 5,000 laws from Roman Empire that were still relevant • Digest- quotes and summarized the opinions of Rome’s greatest legal writers • Institutes- textbook for law students on how to use new code • Novellae- new laws Basis for Byzantine Empire for 900 years

  7. Church Split • In Constantinople, icons used (objects depicting Jesus, Mary, etc.) • People in Constantinople did not like this- thought icon really an idol (these people are called iconoclasts) • Tension between people in Rome and people in Constantinople • Eventually, split the church: • Christianity in Rome= Roman Catholic Church • Christianity in Constantinople= Eastern Orthodox Church

  8. Fight for Survival • Byzantine Empire always fighting to stay alive • Just like Rome, constantly trying to stop invaders • Eventually Arabs, inspired by Prophet Muhammad, came into Byzantine Empire through the Arabian desert and threatened empire’s survival

  9. Quick Write What factors made Constantinople a great city? (consider geographic, historic, and cultural influences)

  10. Section 3- The Empires Influences Slavs and Turks Essential Question- Why were the Turks successful in taking over the Byzantine Empire and bringing it to an end?

  11. Byzantine Culture Influences the Slavic Peoples • Byzantine Empire lost land to Muslims, but Constantinople still strong • Arabs attacking Constantinople from the South, Slavs attacking from the North • Slavs- nomads who migrated from eastern Europe into Asia

  12. Conversion of Slavs • Slavs persuaded to become Christian (unlike the Arahs) The Russian Kingdom • Slavs in north called Russians • Princess Olga, ruled Kiev from 945-955,was the first Russian ruler to be Christian • Hagia Sophia- built by Constantine, Cathedral • Russians looked to Constantinople rather than Rome as the religious leader- cutting ties from Western Europe

  13. The Turks Struck from the East • Islamic Empire • Spain already broke from Islamic Empire by 756 • Lost Egypt in 868- biggest loss • Sultan held all political power or Islamic Empire- not religious • Seljuk Turks • Baghdad fell to the Turks • Seljuk Turks= first group of migrating Turks, Sunni’s • Still fought with other Muslims • Once Baghdad fell, Turks replaced Arabs as the ruling class • 1071- Seljuk Turks invaded Byzantine Empire and took over the eastern Byzantine Empire

  14. The Ottomans posed a new Threat • New group of Turks- the Ottomans • Ottomans saw themselves as Ghazis- fierce Islamic warriors dedicated to fighting a holy war against non-believers • Ottomans took power from Seljuk Turks • Ottomans invaded the Byzantine Empire and by 1350, they controlled most of western Asia Minor • Only Constantinople remained unconquered

  15. The Fall of Constantinople • If the city stayed under Byzantine rule, the Ottomans could not gain more power • Muhammad II- Ottoman Sultan- said “I want only one thing. Give me Constantinople!” 1451 • April 6, 1453- Siege for Constantinople • Muhammad gained control of the Harbor • May 29- Ottoman Turks took over Constantinople • Muhammad changed the name to Istanbul • Hagia Sophia transformed into a Mosque

  16. Quick Write • Why were the Turks successful in taking over the Byzantine Empire and bringing it to an end?

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