United States Between the World Wars

1. United States Between the World Wars • US11.5 Students analyze the major political, social, economic, technological, and cultural • developments of the 1920s. • US11.5.1. Discuss the policies of Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. • US11.5.2. Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that • prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, Marcus Garvey’s “back- • to-Africa” movement, the Ku Klux Klan, immigration quotas and the responses of • organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for • the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks. • US11.5.3. Examine the passage of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act • (Prohibition). • US11.5.4. Analyze the passage of the 19th Amendment and the changing role of women in society. • US11.5.5. Describe the Harlem Renaissance and new trends in literature, music, and art, with special attention to the work of writers (e.g., Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes). • US11.5.6. Trace the growth and effects of radio and movies and their role in the wide world • diffusion of popular culture. • US11.5.7. Discuss the rise of mass production techniques, the growth of cities, the impact of new • technologies (e.g., the automobile, electricity), and the resulting prosperity and effect on • the American landscape.

2. US11.6 Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the • New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government. • US11.6.1. Describe the monetary issues of the late 19th and early 20th centuries that gave rise to • the establishment of the Federal Reserve and the weaknesses in key sectors of the • economy in the late 1920’s. • US11.6.2. Understand the explanations of the principal causes of the Great Depression and • steps taken by the Federal Reserve, Congress and the President to combat the economic • crisis. • US11.6.3. Discuss the human toll of the Depression, natural disasters, unwise agricultural • practices and their effect on the depopulation of rural regions and on political • movements of the left and right with particular attention to the Dust Bowl refugees and • their social and economic impacts in California. • US11.6.4. Analyze the effects of and the controversies arising from New Deal economic policies and • the expanded role of the federal government in society and the economy since the 1930’s • (e.g., Works Progress Administration, Social Security, National Labor Relations Board, • farm programs, regional development policies and energy development projects such as • the Tennessee Valley Authority, California Central Valley Project, Bonneville Dam). • US11.6.5. Trace the advances and retreats of organized labor, from the creation of the American • Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization to current issues of a • post-industrial multinational economy, including the United Farm Workers in California.

3. Ch 7 The Jazz Age

4. DO NOW • What is Jazz?

5. 1920’s The Jazz Age • Progressivism had given way to “The War to End All Wars” and the economy shifted from war-time to peace-time (pick-up trucks instead of Army jeeps). • Americans wanted to have a good time (era of Babe Ruth and amusements parks) and enjoy lifestyles that their good paying factory jobs could provide. • Americans wanted to focus on themselves (domestic issues) and their own country rather than foreign affairs. That is why the Treaty of Versailles was rejected.

6. 1920’s The Jazz Age • With the end of WWI, America was transformed in the 1920’s by the following cultural clashes: 1. Native Born Americans became fearful and discriminatory toward Immigrants. 2.Traditional Values vs New Morality – Many Americans were fearful of the new voting rights and jobs that women had gained.

7. 1920’s The Jazz Age 3. Evolutionists vs Creationists – Many Americans believed that new scientific discoveries and theories would erode their belief in God and the Bible. 4.Drinkers vs Non-Drinkers – Prohibition (18th Amendment) passed because many Americans believed that eliminating alcohol would solve many of societies long term problems.

8. Nativism Resurges • As 1920’s open economic recession and influx of immigrants creates intolerance and disillusionment • Prejudice towards communist and Germans • During WWI immigration had dropped sharply

9. The Sacco-Vanzetti Case • 3:00 PM on April 15, 1920 • Two men shot and killed two employees of Slater & Morril Shoe Company • Police arrested Nicola Sacco and Bartolemeo Vanzetti • The two were anarchist – people who oppose all forms of govt. • Newspapers picked up the story and ran with it

10. Pseudo-Scientific Revolution • Racist beliefs were backed up by the “science” of eugenics – false science that deals with improving hereditary traits • Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge embraced the movement

12. Return of the KKK • The leaders of the anti-immigrant movement were the Klu Klux Klan • Expanded hatred of African-Americans to include Catholics, Jews, immigrants, and other “un-Americans” • Klan attracted few members until 1920 when they got a new PR team

13. Controlling Immigration • After WWI, “Keep America American” movement began • Emergency Quota act started – established temporary quotas on immigration • Read Henry Curran quote p. 409

14. National Origins Act • See map on page 409 • Who: U.S. Congress • What: National Origins Act, made immigrant restriction a permanent policy • Where: The whole U.S. • When: 1924 • Why: grows out of anti-immigrant movements • How: placed quota on specific populations coming into the country

15. Quickwrite… • 3 sentence minimum • Does the U.S. have a right to limit immigration – why or why not? • Be prepared to share your answer

16. The New Morality • Women in the Workforce • Ideals of the loving family and personal satisfaction become part of popular culture • Many single working class women held jobs for wages • Work became a way to break away from parents and establish own identity • Women could also use money to participate in new commercial culture

17. The New Morality • Women in College • Women who attended college found support for their emerging independence • Women colleges particularly encouraged women to pursue careers and challenge traditional roles in society

18. Women in the 1920s • Turn your books to p. 414-415 • Flapper – a young, dramatic, stylish, and unconventional women • Flappers pursued social freedoms and sought financial independence • Edith Wharton won the Pulitzer Prize for her novel The Age of Innocence • When do women get the right to vote? • First one to answer 5 points

19. The Fundamentalist Movement • Remember the Moral Reformers from Progressivism • Fundamentalist – a name derived from a series of pamphlets titled The Fundamentals published by oil millionaire Lyman Stewart • Fundamentalist feared America’s consumer culture, relaxed ethics, and growing urbanization = nation’s moral decline

20. Fundamentalist Beliefs • Believed the bible was literally true and without error • Defended Protestant faith • Rejected Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution • Evolution – human beings had developed from lower forms of life over millions of years • Believed in Creationism • The belief that God (Judeo-Christian God) created the world in seven days as described in the bible • Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson were big preachers

21. The Scopes Monkey Trial • Tennessee • 1925 Butler Act – outlawed teaching that denied “the story of Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible” and taught instead that “man descended from lower order animals” • The ACLU advertised to find a teacher who would break the law • John T. Scopes volunteered to test the case • He was put on trial and arrested

22. The Scopes Monkey Trial • Trial took place in the summer 1925 • William Jennings Bryan (3 time Democratic candidate for President) was prosecutor • Clarence Darrow, one of the countries best lawyers defended scopes (he was like Johnny Cochran) • 8 days of trial-Scopes found guilty and fined $100 dollars • Conviction later overturned by TN Supreme Court on a technicality • Fundamentalist found themselves increasingly out of mainstream

23. Project Time • Watch 2 video clips • Read article • Write a fictional letter to the editor stating your opinion • (if you think you need extra credit – and you probably do – you can write a real letter to the editor and turn it into Mr. Fauria)

24. How To Write a Letter to the Editor • Step1 - Pick a topic that you feel passionate about. Relate it to an issue very recently discussed in the publication to which you are writing. • Step2 - Think of new ways to discuss the topic and present unique solutions to the problem. • Step3 - Write clearly and concisely following the limitations usually given on the editorial page or letters-to-the-editor page. • Step4 - Include your major points within the first few paragraphs. • Step5 - Type your letter and double space between lines. • Step6 - Use your spell check and then proofread. • Step7 - Sign your name and include your phone number and address if required. • Step8 – Mail, fax or e-mail your letter to the address listed for the publication. • Step9 - Keep in mind that most publications verify by phone or in writing that you, and not someone attributing these opinions to you, authored the letter.

25. DO NOW • Read an American Story on p. 419 • Who was Charles Lindbergh? • What did he do?

26. Standards • US11.5.5. • Describe the Harlem Renaissance and new trends in literature, music, and art, with special attention to the work of writers (e.g., Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes). • US11.5.6. • Trace the growth and effects of radio and movies and their role in the wide world diffusion of popular culture. • US11.5.7. • Discuss the rise of mass production techniques, the growth of cities, the impact of new technologies (e.g., the automobile, electricity), and the resulting prosperity and effect on the American landscape.

27. Objectives • Discuss the new development in art and literature during the 1920s • Summarize the growth of popular culture, including interests in sports and entertainment • Agenda: • 7.2 LECTURE • Standards Worksheets

28. 7.2 Cultural Innovations • Describe the explosion of art and literature and disillusionment of 1920’s artists • Summarize the effects of sports, movies, radio, and music on popular culture

29. Greenwich Village and the South Side • Many artists, writers, intellectuals of the era moved to Manhattan’s Greenwich Village and Chicago’s South Side • Bohemian – an artistic or unconventional lifestyle of the neighborhoods offered young artists and writers new lifestyles

30. Modern American Art • European art movements greatly influenced modern American Art • Edward Hopper revived Realism – his paintings showed modern sense of disenchantment and isolation

34. Poets and Writers • Poets and writers greatly varied their styles and subject matter • Called the “Lost Generation” – used to characterize their sense of disillusionment

35. Carl Sandburg • 1878-1967 • Chicago Poet • Used uncommon speech to glorify midwest “My candle burns at both ends; It will not last the night; But ah, my foes, and oh, my friends- It gives a lovely light.

36. Eugene O’Neil • 1888-1953 • Portrayed realistic characters and situations, offering a vision of life that sometimes touched on tragic

37. Ernest Hemingway • 1889-1961 • Served in WWI as an ambulance driver • Created “heroic-antiheroes” • His fiction was direct, simple, and concise prose

38. F. Scott Fitzgerald • 1896-1940 • Considered the greatest writer of his generation • Created colorful and glamorous characters who chased futile dreams

39. Baseball, Boxing, and Other Sports • Baseball star Babe Ruth became a national hero – he called his shot – 5th inning of the 3rd game of the 1932 World Series

40. Jack Dempsey • Held the title of world heavyweight champion from 1919-1926

41. Jack Johnson • First black world heavyweight champion from 1908-1915 • 1910 – former heavyweight champion James J. Jefferies came out of retirement to challenge him for the title stating "I feel obligated to the sporting public at least to make an effort to reclaim the heavyweight championship for the white race. . . . I should step into the ring again and demonstrate that a white man is king of them all."

42. The Rise of Hollywood • Along with sports, movies became increasingly popular • Technology made sound

43. In Class/HW • Begin “Standards Packet” • Whatever you don’t finish in class you may finish for homework • SCHEDULE FOR THE WEEK • Wednesday – No Class • Thursday – 7.3 • Friday – Review for Ch. 7 Test • Monday – Ch. 7 Test

44. DO NOW • What was the “Lost Generation”

45. Harlem Renaissance Preview • It was in Harlem where African-American culture flourished and stimulated an artistic movement which developed… • Jazz Music • Racial pride • Unique Artistic Styles • Literature (including poetry) • Active Political organizations • A style and culture unique to northern urban (big-city) African-Americans. This 1920’s movement is known as the Harlem Renaissance.

46. African American Culture • During World War I and the years following (1914-1920’s) a “Great Migration” of African Americans took place. African-Americans were eager to leave the rural South in search of industrial jobs in the larger industrial cities of the North. • African-Americans settled in sections of large northern cities developing a unique culture and lifestyle. • The heart of this new culture was Harlem, which is a large neighborhood in New York city.

47. Harlem Renaisance • Hundreds of thousands of African-Americans moved from the rural South to the industrial North • Escaped segregated societies • Sought economic opportunities (jobs) • Altered racial breakdown of major cities • In Harlem, African-Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development, racial pride, sense of community, and political organization

48. The Writers • Claude McKay • Emigrated from Sunny Ville, Jamaica to NY in 1912 • Wrote poems: • The Lynching • If We Must Die • His writing shocked America as to the racism still going on

49. If We Must Die If we must die, let it not be like hogsHunted and penned in an inglorious spot,While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs,Making their mock at our accursed lot.If we must die, O let us nobly die,So that our precious blood may not be shedIn vain; then even the monsters we defyShall be constrained to honor us though dead!O kinsmen we must meet the common foe!Though far outnumbered let us show us brave,And for their thousand blows deal one deathblow!What though before us lies the open grave?Like men we'll face the murderous, cowardly pack,Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!

50. The Writers • Langston Hughes • Prolific and versatile writer • Leading African American voice in U.S. • Wrote poetry and prose