1 / 49

Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 3: How Did We Get Here? Ontogeny

Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 3: How Did We Get Here? Ontogeny. Important Concepts for Human Ontogeny. 1. Human behavior, motivation, and cognition change predictably throughout life. 2. Human infants are good at harvesting resources from adults.

margo
Télécharger la présentation

Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 3: How Did We Get Here? Ontogeny

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Introduction to Psychology Suzy Scherf Lecture 3: How Did We Get Here? Ontogeny

  2. Important Concepts for Human Ontogeny 1. Human behavior, motivation, and cognition change predictably throughout life. 2. Human infants are good at harvesting resources from adults. 3. Human abilities develop when they are needed and not before.

  3. Important Concepts for Human Ontogeny 4. Neotney - 5. Infants’ immaturity may be functionally important 6. All over the world children’s behavior is held to different standards than is adults’.

  4. Important Concepts for Human Ontogeny 7. Development is not just an inevitable period of immaturity.

  5. Ecology of Human Development Keeping the ecology of human development in mind will help understand the relevant tasks and problems that the developing person has to solve.

  6. Ecology of Human Development 1. Prenatally - 2. Neonatally and during Early Childhood- 3. Later Childhood and Adulthood-

  7. Ecology of Human Development Relevant Conflicts: 1. Prenatally - 2. Neonatally and during Early Childhood- 3. Later Childhood and Adulthood-

  8. Prenatal Development • What happens from conception to birth? • Major developmental task of prenatal fetus is -

  9. Prenatal Development 0-2 wks - Ovum Stage 3-8 wks - Embryonic Stage -

  10. Prenatal Development 3. 8-40 wks - Fetal Stage

  11. Prenatal Development Sex Determination - Prenatal Wk. 12 • Without testosterone • Testosterone in the womb does two things: A. Defeminize B. Masculinize

  12. Prenatal Development • Disorders related to prenatal sex development 1. XY Female/Androgen Intolerance-

  13. Prenatal Development • Disorders related to prenatal sex development 2. Adrenogenital Syndrome-

  14. Prenatal Development • Homosexuality and prenatal sex development Preliminary evidence: • Birth order effect – • Moms building antibodies to Y-linked factors

  15. Prenatal Brain Development

  16. Prenatal Development Conflict between developing fetus and mother for resources: • Fetus has evolved hormonal means of manipulating the mother • Conflict can lead to -

  17. Prenatal Development Prenatal Risk Factors:

  18. Prenatal Risk Factors Mom’s nutrition: • No folic acid = • No Iodine = • Not enough protein =

  19. Prenatal Risk Factors Mom’s ingestion of drugs: • Drugs (including heroine, cocaine, and marijuana) can cause • Smoking can cause

  20. Prenatal Risk Factors Mom’s ingestion of drugs: • Alcohol can cause

  21. Prenatal Risk Factors Mom’s exposure to stress and illness: • Chronic stress - • Rubella - • Chicken pox -

  22. Prenatal Risk Factors Mom’s exposure to stress and illness: • Gonorrhea - • Chlamydia - • HIV -

  23. Neonatal Development Major developmental task of neonatal infants to recruit sufficient resources from parents that support early physical, emotional, social and cognitive development.

  24. Neonatal Development Developmental changes in the brain: 1. Programmed cell death - 2. Aborization -

  25. Newborn Brain Development Arborization

  26. Neonatal Development Developmental changes in the brain: 3. Pruning of processes - 4. Myelination -

  27. Neonatal Development Organized and Selective Set of Behaviors: 1. Survival reflexes - Complex reflexes - 3. Ability to detect contingencies 4. Ability to imitate

  28. Neonatal Organized and Selective Set of Behaviors

  29. Neonatal Organized and Selective Set of Behaviors

  30. Neonate imitating facial expressions

  31. Neonatal Development Organized and Selective Set of Behaviors: 5. Some controlled eye movements Poor visual acuity - No depth perception - 8. Keen sense of smell

  32. Developing Visual Acuity

  33. Depth Perception and the Visual Cliff

  34. Neonatal Development Organized and Selective Set of Behaviors: Can differentiate sweet/sour tastes Great hearing - 11. Categorical perception

  35. Phoneme Sensitivity

  36. Categorical Perception Consonant Change

  37. Neonatal Development Organized and Selective Set of Behaviors: 12. Are sensitive to facial expressions of others within first few months 13. Know the difference between happy and fearful facial expressions by 5-6 months 14. Show temperamental profiles early in infancy -

  38. Preference for faces from very beginning

  39. Neonatal Development Human babies evaluating the resources available to support development and setting up facultative and obligate responses to local environment. What kinds of facultative mechanisms might babies be setting up in response to their local environment?

  40. Neonatal Development What kinds of facultative mechanisms might babies be setting up in response to their local environment? 1. 2.

  41. Neonatal Development What kinds of facultative mechanisms might babies be setting up in response to their local environment? 3. 4.

  42. Neonatal Development What kinds of obligate mechanisms might babies be setting up as a result of input from their local environment? 1. 2.

  43. Neonatal Development What kinds of obligate mechanisms might babies be setting up as a result of input from their local environment? 3.

  44. Neonatal Development How might timing of experiences in the local environment affect the development of facultative and obligate traits in infants? Critical Period Effects: 1. Facultative Traits -

  45. Neonatal Development How might timing of experiences in the local environment affect the development of facultative and obligate traits in infants? Critical Period Effects: 2. Obligate Traits -

  46. Later Childhood Development Essential developmental tasks: 1. Develop a self-concept - 2. Peer relations -

  47. Later Childhood Development Essential developmental tasks: 3. Play - 4. Setting Social Clock -

  48. Later Childhood Development Essential developmental tasks: 5. Develop an understanding of causality - 6. Develop a sense of morality -

  49. Later Childhood Development Essential developmental tasks: 7. Developing sense of gender roles -

More Related