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GENOESE FORT OF TABARKA: THE HISTORICAL HERITAGE THREATENED BY ROCK MASS’ INSTABILITIES

GENOESE FORT OF TABARKA: THE HISTORICAL HERITAGE THREATENED BY ROCK MASS’ INSTABILITIES. CURTIL Stéphane Terrasol HAFFOUDHI Slah Edinne Hydrosol Fondations ZAGHOUANI Kamel  Terrasol Tunisie. GENOESE FORT OF TABARKA North of Tunisia Build in XVI century Noticing disorders on structures

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GENOESE FORT OF TABARKA: THE HISTORICAL HERITAGE THREATENED BY ROCK MASS’ INSTABILITIES

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  1. GENOESE FORT OF TABARKA: THE HISTORICAL HERITAGE THREATENED BY ROCK MASS’ INSTABILITIES CURTIL Stéphane Terrasol HAFFOUDHI Slah Edinne Hydrosol Fondations ZAGHOUANI Kamel  Terrasol Tunisie

  2. GENOESE FORT OF TABARKA • North of Tunisia • Build in XVI century • Noticing disorders on structures • Expertise of the stability of the underlying cliff 2

  3. A double analysis: the rocky slopeand the fort structures • The rocky slope analysis : the natural environment • Geological analysis • Structural analysis • Classical geotechnical approach • The fort structure analysis: the anthropic environment • A construction by successive stages: historical analysis • Analysis of the structure and the visible reinforcements • Analysis of the visible disorders and the old reparations 3

  4. A double analysis: the rocky slopeand the fort structures • Restrictions induced by the rocky slope • Difficult access to establish a diagnosis • Difficult access for the works • Restrictions induced by the fort • Cultural heritage – tourist attraction • Occupied military area • Brick-built work sensible to deformations A double approach: geotechnics and civil engineering 4

  5. A current disaster and an under-estimated major risk • Rupture in the South • Old disaster • Reinforcement works since the fort building • Recent evolution over the last 10 or 15 years • Visible: studies and works • Slope general instability in the North • Under-estimated risk • Risk of a sudden break • Invisible: no actions 5

  6. Geological and structural studies • Stratigraphy • Sandstones • Marls • Structural analysis • North section • South section 6

  7. Expertise of north cliff • 70 m high cliff • Acrobatic means: high mountain guide • Geological and structural analysis 7

  8. Expertise of north cliff • Cliff structure 8

  9. Expertise of north cliff • Indications of a cliff recent evolution 9

  10. Expertise of north cliff • Differential erosion • Mechanisms of rupture 10

  11. Expertise of north cliff • Mechanisms of rupture 11

  12. Expertise of north cliff • Cliff division into different areas depending on: • Fractures family and density • Identified mechanisms of rupture • Evaluation of the hazard and the risk • Hazard: cliff rupture • Risk: impact on the fort structure 12

  13. Expertise of north cliff • Multicriteria analysis Critère de volume Critère de probabilité d’occurrence 13

  14. Expertise of north cliff • Reinforcement project • Longitudinal beam: preservation of the fort • Confinement shotcrete: to stop the erosion • Nails : stabilization Project presented to the Council of Ministers… Waiting for financing. 14

  15. Expertise of South part of fort • Disorders on fort’ structures 15

  16. Expertise of South part of fort • Data gathering • Drilling • Geological structure measurements • Geological and structural model • Earthworks • Extraction of rocky materials • History of the fort construction • Extensions • Filling up 16

  17. Expertise of South part of fort • Rupture mechanisms • Rock mass: Plane sliding on marls • Rock mass: Regressive break • Structure of the fort: Internal instability due to earth pressure 17

  18. Expertise of South part of fort • Reinforcement project and works • Internal earthworks of the fort • Passive anchors • Nails on the fort walls • Micropiles under the fort • Nails on the rock mass 18

  19. Expertise of South part of fort • Works inside the fort 19

  20. Expertise of South part of fort • Works outside the fort 20

  21. Expertise of South part of fort • Works outside the fort 21

  22. Thank you for your attention 22

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