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ML: the metalanguage

ML: the metalanguage. Drew Wyborski Programming Languages. Introduction. Originally conceived to develop proof tactics Automatically infers types Focus on developing programs through a logical approach Used as the basis for several other languages and dialects. Functional Programming.

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ML: the metalanguage

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  1. ML: the metalanguage Drew Wyborski Programming Languages

  2. Introduction • Originally conceived to develop proof tactics • Automatically infers types • Focus on developing programs through a logical approach • Used as the basis for several other languages and dialects

  3. Functional Programming • Logical analysis is simple and easy • No reassignment or modification of types • Can prove assertions about a program with ease • Difficult to write programs that are illogical • Lend themselves well of parallel execution • Still retain all the useful components of a traditional language

  4. Functional vs. Imperative • Development Cycle • Development Language • Run-time System • FORTRAN, Pascal, C • ML, Hope, Lisp

  5. Language Overview • Call-by-value evaluation strategy • Automatic memory allocation through garbage collection • Parametric polymorphism • Static typing • Exception handling • Pattern matching

  6. Development and Creation • Developed by Robin Milner in 1973 at Edinburgh University • The goal behind ML • The perfect language

  7. Standard ML • Standard ML ’90 & Standard ML ‘97 • Changes from original Edinburgh ML • Standard ML-New Jersey • Other popular versions • Moscow ML • ML Kit • MLton • PolyML

  8. Characteristics • Safety through the type-checker • Structures and signatures • Flexibility of functions • Call-by-value evaluation • Polymorphism • Compile-time type checking • Type inference

  9. Characteristics • Garbage collection • Exemption handling • Immutable data types • Updating references • Abstraction • Parametric modules • Formal definition • Proof of completeness

  10. Data Type/Operators • Operators and types similar to C++/Java • int, string, bool and real remain the same • Operators have slight differences • Additional Boolean types are included showing the rational/logical basis • andalso & orelse

  11. Syntax • Input is placed into user’s implementation • Machine responds with result of expression • Specified layout for entry and output • 3 + 4; • val it = 7 : int • If an error is made in entry, the machine responds with an appropriate error • The unit data type

  12. Definitions • Global constants • val PI = 3.4; • Help increase readability • Functions • fun succ n = n+1; • val succ = fn : int  int • Extensions • if…then…else functions • Multiple input/output functions

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